ÏÈÑÜÌÎ ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÍÀÄÇÎÐÓ Â ÑÔÅÐÅ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÏÐÀ ÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÒÅËÅÉ È ÁËÀÃÎÏÎËÓ×Èß ×ÅËÎÂÅÊÀ 26 èþëÿ 2005 ã. N 0100/5751-05-32 (Ä) Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ ñëóæáà ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå çàùèòû ïðàâ ïîòðåáèòåëåé è áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÷åëîâåêà íàïðàâëÿåò äëÿ ðóêîâîäñòâà è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â ðàáîòå ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè êîðè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ê 2010 ãîäó èíôîðìàöèîííîå ïèñüìî N 1 îò 08.07.2005 "Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà è õðàíåíèå êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ", ðàçðàáîòàííîå ÔÃÓÍ "Ìîñêîâñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ýïèäåìèîëîãèè è ìèêðîáèîëîãèè èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî". Çàìåñòèòåëü Ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ Ë.Ï.ÃÓËÜ×ÅÍÊÎ 26 èþëÿ 2005 ã. N 0100/5751-05-32 ÓÒÂÅÐÆÄÀÞ Äèðåêòîð ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî" äîêòîð áèîë. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð Â.À.ÀËÅØÊÈÍ 8 èþëÿ 2005 ãîäà ÑÁÎÐ, ÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ, ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÈÐÎÂÊÀ È ÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ ÊËÈÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÎÁÐÀÇÖΠÄËß ÈÇÎËßÖÈÈ ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ È ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÏÈÑÜÌÎ N 1 Ââåäåíèå Ïëàíîâàÿ âàêöèíàöèÿ è ðåâàêöèíàöèÿ äåòåé æèâîé êîðåâîé âàêöèíîé, à òàêæå ïðîâåäåíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ïðèâèâî÷íûõ êàìïàíèé ñïîñîáñòâîâàëè íåóêëîííîìó ñíèæåíèþ çàáîëåâàåìîñòè êîðüþ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè.  ðåçóëüòàòå â öåëîì ïî Ðîññèè íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ íèçêèå ïîêàçàòåëè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè êîðüþ - îò 0,4 â 2002 ãîäó äî 3,3 â 2000 ãîäó íà 100 òûñ. íàñåëåíèÿ. Íà ðÿäå òåððèòîðèé îòìå÷àåòñÿ ñïîðàäè÷åñêàÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòü, áîëåå ÷åì â 30 ðåãèîíàõ ñëó÷àè êîðè íå ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 2 ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò, ëèêâèäèðîâàíà ñìåðòíîñòü è ëåòàëüíîñòü îò ýòîé èíôåêöèè. Âñå ýòî ïîçâîëèëî ðàçðàáîòàòü è íà÷àòü ðåàëèçàöèþ ïðîãðàììû "Ëèêâèäàöèÿ êîðè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ê 2010 ãîäó" (Ïðèêàç Ìèíèñòðà çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè N 270 îò 19.08.02). Âìåñòå ñ òåì, ó÷èòûâàÿ ñõîäñòâî êëèíè÷åñêèõ ïðîÿâëåíèé èíôåêöèè ñ ðÿäîì äðóãèõ ýêçàíòåìíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, óòðàòó ïðàêòèêóþùèìè âðà÷àìè â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ íàâûêîâ êëèíè÷åñêîé äèàãíîñòèêè êîðè íà ôîíå ñíèæåíèÿ îáùåãî óðîâíÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñóùåñòâóåò âåðîÿòíîñòü ñêðûòîé öèðêóëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè.  ýòîé ñâÿçè çíà÷èòåëüíî âîçðàñòàåò ðîëü ëàáîðàòîðíîé äèàãíîñòèêè êîðè. Ñîâðåìåííûå ìåòîäû ëàáîðàòîðíîé äèàãíîñòèêè ïîçâîëÿþò ïîäòâåðæäàòü ñëó÷àè êîðè, âûäåëÿòü âèðóñ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ, ÷òî, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ïîçâîëÿåò îñóùåñòâëÿòü ìîíèòîðèíã öèðêóëÿöèè âîçáóäèòåëÿ è îïòèìèçèðîâàòü óñèëèÿ êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöèè. Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèÿ â ñîâðåìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ èãðàþò âàæíóþ ðîëü â êîíòðîëå çà öåëûì ðÿäîì èíôåêöèé, è êîðü íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ èñêëþ÷åíèåì.  îñíîâå ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ ëåæèò àíàëèç íóêëåîòèäíîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè ÑÎÎÍ - êîíöåâîãî ôðàãìåíòà N - ãåíà - íàèáîëåå âàðèàáåëüíîãî ó÷àñòêà âèðóñíîãî ãåíîìà. Äëÿ êàæäîãî ãåíîòèïà ñóùåñòâóåò ýòàëîííûé øòàìì - øòàìì, âûäåëåííûé èñòîðè÷åñêè ïåðâûì. Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêîå èçó÷åíèå äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî ãåíîòèïîâ èìåþò îïðåäåëåííîå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ëèøü íåêîòîðûå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîâñåìåñòíî. Áëàãîäàðÿ ñîâìåñòíûì èññëåäîâàíèÿì âåäóùèõ ëàáîðàòîðèé ìèðà ñîçäàíà ãëîáàëüíàÿ êàðòà ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ãåíîòèïîâ âèðóñà êîðè [1 - 11], ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ îñóùåñòâëÿòü ìîíèòîðèíã öèðêóëÿöèè âèðóñà, îïðåäåëÿòü ïóòè ýíäåìè÷íîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è èìïîðòèðîâàíèÿ èíôåêöèè.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (ÂÎÇ, 2003) îïèñàíî 22 ãåíîòèïà âèðóñà êîðè (òàáë. 1), îáúåäèíåííûõ â 8 ãðóïï, 16 ãåíîòèïîâ öèðêóëèðóþò â ðàçëè÷íûõ ÷àñòÿõ çåìíîãî øàðà, åùå 7 áûëè èçîëèðîâàíû äîñòàòî÷íî äàâíî è ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå èëè âûìåðøèå, òàê êàê â òå÷åíèå äëèòåëüíîãî âðåìåíè ïîâòîðíî íå îáíàðóæèâàëèñü. Òàáëèöà 1 ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÛ ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ (2003) --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Ãðóïïà | Ãåíîòèï | Àðåàë ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | À | À | Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ãëîáàëüíîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â | | | | äîâàêöèíàëüíóþ ýðó, Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1995, Ìîñêâà | | | | 1988, Íîâîñèáèðñê 1996, Èíäèÿ 1997 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| |  | Â1 <*> | Êàìåðóí 1983 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | Â2 <*> | Ãàáîí 1984, Ãàìáèÿ 1984/1991 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | Â3.1 | Ñóäàí, Íèãåðèÿ, Ãàíà 1998 - 2001, Êàìåðóí 2001 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | Â3.2 | Ãàìáèÿ 1993 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | Ñ | Ñ1 <*> | ßïîíèÿ 1983/1984, Èñïàíèÿ 1979, Àðãåíòèíà | | | | 1991/1994 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | Ñ2 | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1990/1991, Ìàðîêêî, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ, | | | | ×åõèÿ 1992, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1990 - 1993, Íèäåðëàíäû | | | | 1994, Äàíèÿ 1997, Ëþêñåìáóðã 1996/1997, Êàíàäà | | | | 1997, ÑØÀ 1997/1998, Êðàñíîÿðñê 2004 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | Å | Å <*> | ÑØÀ 1970-å, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1971, Êàíàäà 1987 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | F | F <*> | Èñïàíèÿ 1960-å | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | G | G1 <*> | ÑØÀ 1983 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | G2 | Èíäîíåçèÿ 1997/1999, Ìàëàéçèÿ 1999 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | G3 | Âîñòî÷íûé Òèìîð, Èíäîíåçèÿ (East Java), | | | | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1999 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | Í | Í1 | Êèòàé 1993 - 1994, Êîðåÿ, Ñèíãàïóð 2000, Ðîññèÿ| | | | 2000/2004, ßïîíèÿ 2001 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | Í2 | Êèòàé 1994, ÑØÀ 1997, Âüåòíàì 1998 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | D | D1 <*> | Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ 1974, Àâñòðàëèÿ 1973 - 1981, | | | | Ñåâåðíàÿ Èðëàíäèÿ 1983/1986 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D2 | Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1986/1989, Çàìáèÿ 1992, Èðëàíäèÿ | | | | 2000 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D3 | Òàéâàíü, Ôèëèïïèíû, ÑØÀ 1989, ßïîíèÿ 1992 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D4 | Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1978/1986/1990/1994 - 1995/1997, | | | | Ïàêèñòàí 1989, Èðàí, Êåíèÿ, Çèìáàáâå, Íàìèáèÿ | | | | 1997, Èíäèÿ, Àâñòðàëèÿ 1998, Ýôèîïèÿ, Ðîññèÿ | | | | 1999 - 2003 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D5 | ßïîíèÿ, Òàèëàíä 1993, ÑØÀ, Òàéâàíü 1994, | | | | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1995, Íîâàÿ Çåëàíäèÿ 2001 | |--------|---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D6 | Ðîññèÿ, Áðàçèëèÿ 1996 - 1997, Àðãåíòèíà 1998, | | | | Óðóãâàé, Áîëèâèÿ 1999, Êèïð, Óêðàèíà, Õîðâàòèÿ,| | | | Èòàëèÿ, Ãðåöèÿ, Òóðöèÿ, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1993 - 1996, | | | | ÑØÀ 1997, Ïîëüøà, Äîìèíèêàíñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà | | | | 1999, Íèäåðëàíäû 2000, Ðîññèÿ 1997/2003 - 2005 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D7 | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1985 - 1989/1999, ÑØÀ 1999, Ãåðìàíèÿ | | | | 1999 - 2001 | | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D8 | Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ 1994, Ýôèîïèÿ, Íåïàë 1999, Èíäèÿ| | |---------|------------------------------------------------| | | D9 | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1999 - 2001 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- <*> Èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå ãåíîòèïû. Äàííûå î ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè ïðåäñòàâëÿþò èíòåðåñ íå òîëüêî ñ òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé, íî è äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ðåàëüíîé ñòðàòåãèè ýëèìèíàöèè êîðè íà êîíêðåòíîé òåððèòîðèè. ÂÎÇ ðåêîìåíäóåò ïðîâåäåíèå ìîëåêóëÿðíîãî òèïèðîâàíèÿ êàê âàæíûé ýëåìåíò â íàäçîðå çà êîðüþ, â îñîáåííîñòè äëÿ ðåãèîíîâ, ïðèáëèæàþùèõñÿ ê ëèêâèäàöèè äàííîãî çàáîëåâàíèÿ [11].  Ðîññèè ñ 2001 ã. óñïåøíî ôóíêöèîíèðóåò ñîçäàííàÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè ÂÎÇ ëàáîðàòîðíàÿ ñåòü, âêëþ÷àþùàÿ Íàöèîíàëüíûé íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèé öåíòð ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî") è 10 ðåãèîíàëüíûõ öåíòðîâ (ñóáíàöèîíàëüíûõ ëàáîðàòîðèé). Ðàáîòà ïî èçîëÿöèè è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè áûëà íà÷àòà åùå â 1988 ã.  êîëëåêöèè Íàöèîíàëüíîãî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî") - áîëåå 40 èçîëÿòîâ âèðóñà êîðè, âûäåëåííûõ â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ ÐÔ â ïåðèîä 1988 - 2004 ãã., áîëüøèíñòâî èç êîòîðûõ áûëè ãåíîòèïèðîâàíû (òàáë. 2) â 2002 - 2003 [12] è 2004 ãã. (íåîïóáëèêîâàííûå äàííûå). Òàáëèöà 2 ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÛ ÄÈÊÈÕ ØÒÀÌÌΠÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ, ÂÛÄÅËÅÍÍÛÕ ÍÀ ÒÅÐÐÈÒÎÐÈÈ ÐÔ (ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß È ÄÀÍÍÛÅ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ) ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Òåððèòîðèÿ | Êîëè÷åñòâî | Ãîä | Ãåíîòèï | | | îáðàçöîâ | âûäåëåíèÿ | | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |3 |1988 |À | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Íîâîñèáèðñê [6] |3 |1996 |À | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Íîâîñèáèðñê [6] |1 |1997 |D6 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |2 |1999 |D4 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |2 |2000 |Í1 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |2 |2001 |D4 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà [13] |11 |1998 - 2002|D4 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |14 |2003 |D4 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Ìîñêâà |7 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Àñòðàõàíü |2 | |D4 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Ñåâåðíàÿ Îñåòèÿ |1 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Äàãåñòàí |1 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Ðîñòîâ |5 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Íîâîêóçíåöê |4 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |8 |2004 |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã |4 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Þæíî-Ñàõàëèíñê |4 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Êðàñíîÿðñê |8 | |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Êðàñíîÿðñê |1 | |Ñ2 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Áëàãîâåùåíñê |2 | |Í1 | |------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------| | Ìîñêâà |1 |2005 |D6 | |------------------------|--------------| |-------------| | Íîâîñèáèðñê |1 | |D6 | ------------------------------------------------------------------- Íà òåððèòîðèè ÐÔ â ðàçíîå âðåìÿ èçîëèðîâàíû øòàììû - ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ãåíîòèïîâ À, D4, D6, Í1, Ñ2, ïðè ýòîì ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ãåíîòèïà À, ïî-âèäèìîìó, áûëè ýíäåìè÷íûìè äî ñåðåäèíû 90-õ ãã. ïðîøëîãî âåêà, â ïîñëåäóþùåì íàáëþäàëàñü ýíäåìè÷íàÿ öèðêóëÿöèÿ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ãåíîòèïîâ D4 è D6, åäèíè÷íûå ñëó÷àè èçîëÿöèè øòàììîâ ãåíîòèïîâ Ñ2 è Í1 ñâÿçàíû ñ èìïîðòèðîâàíèåì. Áîëüøèíñòâî èññëåäîâàííûõ îáðàçöîâ, ñîáðàííûõ â 2003 è 2004 ãã., ïðèíàäëåæàëî ê ãåíîòèïó D6. Äàííûé ãåíîòèï îáíàðóæåí â ã.ã. Ìîñêâå, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå, Ðîñòîâå-íà-Äîíó, Íîâîêóçíåöêå (Êåìåðîâî), Êðàñíîÿðñêå, Þæíî-Ñàõàëèíñêå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Ñåâåðíîé Îñåòèè. Ðàíåå ãåíîòèï D6 áûë çàôèêñèðîâàí â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè â 1997 ã. è îïðåäåëÿëñÿ â ã. Ìîñêâå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Äàãåñòàí â 2003 ã. Èçîëÿòû, ïîëó÷åííûå â àïðåëå 2004 ã. âî âðåìÿ âñïûøêè â ã. Áëàãîâåùåíñê îò äâóõ ÷åëîâåê, áûëè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû êàê ãåíîòèï Í1. Òàê êàê ãåíîòèï Í1 øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåí â Êèòàå è Ìîíãîëèè, âåðîÿòíî, ýòè øòàììû áûëè èìïîðòèðîâàíû â ã. Áëàãîâåùåíñê ñ ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé. Âìåñòå ñ òåì âïåðâûå íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè (ã. Êðàñíîÿðñê) â 2004 ã. áûëà âûäåëåíà ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè, ïðèíàäëåæàùåãî ê ãåíîòèïó Ñ2. Ïî äàííûì ñåêâåíèðîâàíèÿ ÑÎÎÍ - êîíöåâîãî ôðàãìåíòà N - ãåíà, ïîëó÷åííûé îáðàçåö ÐÍÊ îòëè÷àëñÿ îò âñåõ øòàììîâ äàííîãî ãåíîòèïà, ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ â ãåíáàíêå, ïðè ýòîì íàèáîëåå áëèçêèìè ê íåìó ïî ãåíåòè÷åñêîìó äðåâó áûëè øòàììû, ðàíåå èçîëèðîâàííûå â Ìàðîêêî (1995, 3 çàìåíû) è Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïå. Òàê êàê èçîëÿò âèðóñà íå áûë ïîëó÷åí, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå äàííûå ñëåäóåò ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå. Äëÿ çàêëþ÷åíèÿ î ïðèðîäå äàííîãî ñëó÷àÿ (èíäèãåííàÿ öèðêóëÿöèÿ, èìïîðòèðîâàíèå) íåîáõîäèìû äîïîëíèòåëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Òèïè÷íûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ðàçíûõ ãåíîòèïîâ âèðóñà êîðè, âûäåëåííûå íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, äåïîíèðîâàíû â ìåæäóíàðîäíîì áàíêå øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè (ÑDÑ, Àòëàíòà, ÑØÀ), äàííûå ïî ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ ïåðåäàíû â ãåíáàíê (òàáë. 3). Òàáëèöà 3 ØÒÀÌÌÛ (ÎÁÐÀÇÖÛ ÐÍÊ) ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | N | Øòàìì (îáðàçåö ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè) | Íîìåð â GenBank | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 1. | Buk 1988 [À] | Y13816 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 2. | Nov1/96* 1996 [À] | Y13818 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 3. | Nov2/96* 1996 [À] | Y17030 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 4. | Nov3/96* 1996 [À] | Y17031 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 5. | Nov/97* 1997 [D6] | Y17032 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 6. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/19.99 [D4] | AY920718 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 7. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/22.99 [D4] | AY920709 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 8. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/13.00/2 [H1] | AY920713 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 9. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/23.01 [D4] | AY920711 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 10. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/25.01 [D4] | AY920710 AY633620 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 11. | MVi/Astrakhan.RUS/12.03/1 [D4] | AY920716 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 12. | MVi/Astrakhan.RUS/12.03/2 [D4] | AY920717 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 13. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/13.03/2 [D6] | AY920714 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 14. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/15.03 [D4] | AY920715 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 15. | MVi/Dagestan.RUS/20.03 [D6] | AY920712 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 16. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/21.03 [D4] | AY920729 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 17. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/25.03/1 [D6] | AY920725 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 18. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/29.03/2 [D4] | AY920728 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 19. | MVi/Kemerovo.RUS/42.03 [D6] | AY649758 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 20. | MVi/Novokuzneck.RUS/44.03/1 [D6] | AY920727 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 21. | MVs/Rostov.RUS/47.03/1 [D6] | AY920731 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 22. | MVi/N.Osetiya.RUS/51.03 [D6] | AY920726 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 23. | MVs/Krasnoyarsk.RUS/13.04 [D6] | AY920730 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 24. | MVi/Moscow.RUS/14.04 [D6] | AY920723 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 25. | MVi/Blagoveschensk.RUS/14.04/1 [Í1] | AY920722 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 26. | MVi/Blagoveschensk.RUS/14.04/2 [Í1] | AY920721 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 27. | MVi/S-Petersburg.RUS/16.04/1 [D6] | AY920720 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 28. | MVi/S-Sahalinsk.RUS/19.04/1 [D6] | AY920724 | |------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------| | 29. | MVi/Minsk. Belarus/28.04 [D6] | AY920719 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèé ìîíèòîðèíã çà âèðóñîì êîðè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìåòîäîâ ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî òèïèðîâàíèÿ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåïîëíûì, ïîñêîëüêó ìåòîäàìè ìîëåêóëÿðíîãî òèïèðîâàíèÿ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ëèøü ìàëàÿ ÷àñòü î÷àãîâ èíôåêöèè, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííî çàòðóäíÿåò èñïîëüçîâàíèå èìåþùèõñÿ äàííûõ íà ïðàêòèêå. Àêòóàëüíîé çàäà÷åé â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êàæäîãî î÷àãà êîðè. Èçó÷åíèå øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè ïîçâîëèò ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü âèðóñîëîãè÷åñêèé íàäçîð çà êîðåâîé èíôåêöèåé, à òàêæå ðåøèòü ðÿä ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷ (äåìîíñòðàöèÿ ïóòåé ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èíôåêöèè, ïîäòâåðæäåíèå ïðåðûâàíèÿ ýíäåìè÷íîé öèðêóëÿöèè âèðóñà, ïîäòâåðæäåíèå çàâîçíîãî õàðàêòåðà ñëó÷àåâ, ìîíèòîðèíã ýôôåêòèâíîñòè âàêöèíàöèè) â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè êîðè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàáîòû ëàáîðàòîðíîé ñåòè â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè çàâèñèò îò ìåòîäè÷åñêè ïðàâèëüíîé îðãàíèçàöèè ñáîðà, ïîäãîòîâêè, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè è õðàíåíèÿ êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ. Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà è õðàíåíèå êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ I. Îáùàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ I.1. Êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå  êà÷åñòâå êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè íà êóëüòóðå êëåòîê è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì ïðîâåäåíèåì ÏÖÐ è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ îò áîëüíûõ êîðüþ è ïîäîçðèòåëüíûõ íà ýòó èíôåêöèþ ïàöèåíòîâ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ öåëüíàÿ êðîâü, ìî÷à, íîñîãëîòî÷íûå ñîñêîáû è ñìûâû. I.2. Èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Êëèíè÷åñêèå îáðàçöû ïîòåíöèàëüíî ìîãóò ñîäåðæàòü øèðîêîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå âîçáóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì âñå ìàíèïóëÿöèè íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâîäèòü ñ ñîáëþäåíèåì ïðàâèë ðàáîòû ñ èíôèöèðîâàííûìè ìàòåðèàëàìè. Âñåãäà ñëåäóåò íàäåâàòü ïåð÷àòêè, ïðè ðàáîòå âíå áîêñà - èñïîëüçîâàòü çàùèòíûå î÷êè. I.3. Ìàòåðèàëû è îáîðóäîâàíèå Ãðàäóèðîâàííûå öåíòðèôóæíûå ïëàñòèêîâûå ïðîáèðêè ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé íà 15 è 50 ìë. Ïðîáèðêè òèïà "Ýïïåíäîðô". Ïëàñòèêîâûå ïðîáèðêè ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé 2 ìë äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ. Àíòèáèîòèêè: áåíçèëïåíèöèëëèíà íàòðèåâàÿ (êàëèåâàÿ ñîëü) ñîëü; ñòðåïòîìèöèíà ñóëüôàò. Âàêóòåéíåðû ñ ÝÄÒÀ. Ïëàñòèêîâûå êîíòåéíåðû 50 ìë äëÿ ñáîðà ìî÷è. Íàáîð äëÿ âçÿòèÿ íîñîãëîòî÷íûõ ñîñêîáîâ (ñòåðèëüíûé çîíä - òàìïîí â ïðîáèðêå). Ðåôðèæåðàòîðíàÿ öåíòðèôóãà. I.4. Âàæíûå óñëîâèÿ Âñå ïðîöåäóðû ñëåäóåò ïðîâîäèòü â óñëîâèÿõ ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíîé ñòåðèëüíîñòè. Ðàáîòàòü íåîáõîäèìî ñ îõëàæäåííûìè äî 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ îáðàçöàìè, íå äîïóñêàÿ èõ íàãðåâàíèÿ è âîçäåéñòâèÿ ïðÿìîãî ñîëíå÷íîãî ñâåòà. Íà êàæäûé îáðàçåö îáÿçàòåëüíî çàïîëíåíèå "Íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà ëàáîðàòîðíîå èññëåäîâàíèå" (Ïðèëîæåíèå 1). Èññëåäîâàíèå íåñêîëüêèõ îáðàçöîâ îò îäíîãî ïàöèåíòà (êðîâü, ìî÷à, íîñîãëîòî÷íûå îáðàçöû) ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâûøàåò âåðîÿòíîñòü âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà. Âåðîÿòíîñòü âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà íàèáîëåå âåëèêà ïðè èññëåäîâàíèè îáðàçöîâ, ñîáðàííûõ â ïåðâûå 3 ñóòîê ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè, íå ñëåäóåò çàäåðæèâàòü ñáîð îáðàçöîâ. Ïîñêîëüêó èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ òîëüêî â ëàáîðàòîðèè Íàöèîíàëüíîãî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ, öåëåñîîáðàçíî êëèíè÷åñêèå îáðàçöû íàïðàâëÿòü íàïðÿìóþ â ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî". II. Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà, õðàíåíèå êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ II.1. Âçÿòèå êðîâè äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè Öåëüíàÿ êðîâü, ñîáðàííàÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ñðîêè, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïòèìàëüíûì îáðàçöîì äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè. Êðîâü íåîáõîäèìî çàáèðàòü íå ïîçäíåå 5 ñóòîê ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè.  ñëó÷àå çàáîðà öåëüíîé êðîâè ó ïàöèåíòà äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè äàííûé îáðàçåö òàêæå ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè è äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîé ÏÖÐ. Ìàíèïóëÿöèè Çàáåðèòå 5 ìë âåíîçíîé êðîâè â âàêóòåéíåð ñ ÝÄÒÀ (èñïîëüçîâàíèå ÝÄÒÀ â êà÷åñòâå àíòèêîàãóëÿíòà ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå, òàê êàê ãåïàðèí ìîæåò îêàçûâàòü íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà ïðîöåäóðó ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà ïðè äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîé ÏÖÐ). 1. Îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ. Öåëüíóþ êðîâü íå çàìîðàæèâàòü!!! 2.  ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ äîñòàâêè îáðàçöà â óêàçàííûå ñðîêè âûäåëèòå ñóñïåíçèþ ìîíîíóêëåàðîâ â ãðàäèåíòå ïëîòíîñòè Fikoll - paque, çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ (îïòèìàëüíî ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ). 3. Çàìîðîæåííûé îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó). II.2. Âçÿòèå ìî÷è äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè Äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà ìî÷à, ñîáðàííàÿ íå ïîçæå 7 äíÿ ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè. Ìàíèïóëÿöèè 1. Ñîáåðèòå 10 - 50 ìë ìî÷è â ñòåðèëüíóþ åìêîñòü. Ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíî ñîáèðàòü ïåðâóþ óòðåííþþ ïîðöèþ. 2. Îõëàäèòå îáðàçåö äî +4 ãðàä.Ñ. Öåëüíóþ ìî÷ó íå çàìîðàæèâàòü!!! 3. Îñàäèòå êëåòî÷íóþ ôðàêöèþ ïóòåì öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ ïðè +4 ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí. 4. Óäàëèòå íàäîñàäî÷íóþ æèäêîñòü. 5. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû (Ïðèëîæåíèå 2). 6. Ïåðåíåñèòå ïîëó÷åííûé îáðàçåö â ñòåðèëüíóþ ïðîáèðêó òèïà "Ýïïåíäîðô" èëè ïëàñòèêîâóþ ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ. 7. Îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ. 8.  ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ äîñòàâêè îáðàçöà â óêàçàííûå ñðîêè çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå îáðàçåö ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ (îïòèìàëüíî ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ). Çàìîðîæåííûé îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó). II.3. Âçÿòèå íîñîãëîòî÷íûõ ñîñêîáîâ è ñìûâîâ äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè Äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí íîñîãëîòî÷íûé ñìûâ èëè ñîñêîá (ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå), ñîáðàííûå íå ïîçæå 7 äíÿ ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè. Ìàíèïóëÿöèè Íîñîãëîòî÷íûé ñìûâ 1. Ïðåäëîæèòå ïàöèåíòó ïðîïîëîñêàòü ãîðëî 3 - 5 ìë ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàñòâîðà. 2. Ñîáåðèòå ïðîìûâíûå âîäû â ñòåðèëüíóþ ïðîáèðêó. 3. Îñàäèòå êëåòî÷íóþ ôðàêöèþ ïóòåì öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ ïðè +4 ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí. 4. Ïåðåíåñèòå íàäîñàäî÷íóþ æèäêîñòü â îòäåëüíóþ ñòåðèëüíóþ ïðîáèðêó òèïà "Ýïïåíäîðô" èëè ïëàñòèêîâóþ ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ. 5. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû. 6. Îáðàçöû íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ. 7.  ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ äîñòàâêè îáðàçöîâ â óêàçàííûå ñðîêè çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå îáðàçöû ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ (îïòèìàëüíî ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ). Çàìîðîæåííûé îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó). Íîñîãëîòî÷íûé ñîñêîá 1. Ñòåðèëüíûì âàòíûì òàìïîíîì ñ óñèëèåì (÷òîáû ñîáðàòü äîñòàòî÷íîå êîëè÷åñòâî êëåòîê) ïðîòðèòå ñëèçèñòóþ îáîëî÷êó íîñîãëîòêè ïàöèåíòà. 2. Òàìïîí ïîìåñòèòå â ñòåðèëüíóþ 15 ìë ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé, ñîäåðæàùóþ 3 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû. 3. Îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ. 4.  ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ äîñòàâêè îáðàçöà â óêàçàííûå ñðîêè ïðîáèðêó ñ òàìïîíîì ýíåðãè÷íî âñòðÿõíèòå, ÷òîáû ñìûòü êëåòêè, è èçâëåêèòå òàìïîí. 5. Îñàäèòå êëåòî÷íóþ ôðàêöèþ ïóòåì öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ ïðè +4 ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí. 6. Ïåðåíåñèòå íàäîñàäî÷íóþ æèäêîñòü â îòäåëüíóþ ñòåðèëüíóþ ïðîáèðêó òèïà "Ýïïåíäîðô" èëè ïëàñòèêîâóþ ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ. 7. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû. 8. Çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå îáðàçöû ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ (îïòèìàëüíî ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ). Çàìîðîæåííûé îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó). III. Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà îáðàçöîâ Ñîáðàííûå îáðàçöû íåîáõîäèìî ïîìåñòèòü â îòäåëüíûå ïëàñòèêîâûå ïàêåòû ñ çàìêîì ñ íåáîëüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì âàòû äëÿ àäñîðáöèè âëàãè. Íåëüçÿ óïàêîâûâàòü êëèíè÷åñêèå îáðàçöû îò ðàçíûõ ëþäåé â îäèí ïàêåò. Íåñêîëüêî êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ îò îäíîãî ïàöèåíòà ìîãóò áûòü óïàêîâàíû â îäèí ïàêåò áîëüøåãî ðàçìåðà. Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè îáðàçöîâ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òåðìîêîíòåéíåðû, òåðìîñû èëè ïåíîïëàñòîâûå êîðîáêè ñ õëàäîýëåìåíòàìè. Çàìîðîæåííûå (îõëàæäåííûå äî 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ) õëàäîýëåìåíòû (ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ëåä â ãåðìåòè÷íûõ ïëàñòèêîâûõ ïàêåòàõ èëè áóòûëêàõ) ñëåäóåò ïîìåñòèòü íà äíî è ïî áîêàì êîíòåéíåðà, âíóòðü ïîëîæèòå îáðàçöû, à ñâåðõó îïÿòü ïîëîæèòå õëàäîýëåìåíòû. Îáðàçöû ñûâîðîòêè ìîæíî òðàíñïîðòèðîâàòü ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ (íå áîëåå 48 ÷àñîâ ñ ìîìåíòà çàáîðà) èëè â çàìîðîæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè (íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ), èñïîëüçóÿ õëàäîýëåìåíòû, îõëàæäåííûå äî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé òåìïåðàòóðû. Îáðàçöû äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ ìîæíî òðàíñïîðòèðîâàòü ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ (íå áîëåå 48 ÷àñîâ ñ ìîìåíòà çàáîðà), èñïîëüçóÿ õëàäîýëåìåíòû, îõëàæäåííûå äî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé òåìïåðàòóðû, èëè â çàìîðîæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè (-70 ãðàä.Ñ â ñóõîì ëüäó â ãåðìåòè÷íûõ óêóïîðêàõ âî èçáåæàíèå âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà îáðàçöû óãëåêèñëîòû). Ïîä êðûøêó êîíòåéíåðà ïîìåñòèòå ñîïðîâîäèòåëüíûå äîêóìåíòû (ïèñüìî ñ óêàçàíèåì âèäà è êîëè÷åñòâà îáðàçöîâ, âðåìåíè è äàòû îòïðàâêè, íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà èññëåäîâàíèå). Íà êîíòåéíåðå îáÿçàòåëüíî óêàæèòå ïîäðîáíûå êîîðäèíàòû îòïðàâèòåëÿ è ïîëó÷àòåëÿ îáðàçöîâ, à òàêæå íåîáõîäèìûå ïðåäóïðåæäàþùèå íàäïèñè (ïðèëîæåíèå 3 - íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ). Ìîæåò îêàçàòüñÿ ïîëåçíûì ñäåëàòü ñëåäóþùóþ íàäïèñü "Õðàíèòü â õîëîäèëüíèêå". Ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîé îòïðàâêå çàìîðîæåííûõ è õðàíÿùèõñÿ ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ îáðàçöîâ èñïîëüçóéòå îòäåëüíûå êîíòåéíåðû ñ õëàäîýëåìåíòàìè, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèìè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé òåìïåðàòóðíûé ðåæèì. Çàêëþ÷åíèå Èíôîðìàöèîííîå ïèñüìî èçëàãàåò ïðîöåäóðó ñáîðà, ïîäãîòîâêè, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè è õðàíåíèÿ êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè è ÏÖÐ è ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ îðãàíîâ è ó÷ðåæäåíèé Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáû ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå çàùèòû ïðàâ ïîòðåáèòåëåé è áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÷åëîâåêà ñ öåëüþ îïòèìèçàöèè ðàáîòû â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè êîðè íà òåððèòîðèè ÐÔ ê 2010 ãîäó (Ïðèêàç Ìèíèñòðà çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ ÐÔ N 270 îò 19.08.02). Èíôîðìàöèîííîå ïèñüìî ðàçðàáîòàíî íà îñíîâå ðåêîìåíäàöèé ÂÎÇ (1998, 2003) ñ ó÷åòîì ñîâðåìåííûõ äàííûõ è îïûòà ñîòðóäíèêîâ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî"). Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû 1. Rota, J.S., Hummel, K.B., Rota, P.A. and Bellini, W.J. (1992): Genetic variability of the glycoprotein genes of current wild-type measles isolates. Virology, 188, 135 - 142. 2. Rota JS, Heath JL, Rota PA, King GE, Celma ML, Carabana J, Fernandez-Munoz R, Brown D, Jin L, Bellini WJ. Molecular epidemiology of measles virus: identification of pathways of transmission and implications for measles elimination. J Infect Dis. 1996 Jan; 173(1):32-7. 3. Bellini WJ, Rota PA. Genetic diversity of wild-type measles viruses: implications for global measles elimination programs. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Jan-Mar; 4(1):29-35. 4. Rota PA, Liffick SL, Rota JS, Katz RS, Redd S, Papania M, Bellini WJ. Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in the United States, 1997 - 2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep; 8(9):902-8. 5. Rota PA, Bellini WJ. Update on the global distribution of genotypes of wild type measles viruses. J Infect Dis. 2003 May 15; 187 Suppl 1:S270-6. 6. Santibanez S, Heider A, Gerike E, Agafonov A, Schreier E. J Med Virol. 1999 Jul; 58(3):313-20. Genotyping of measles virus isolates from central Europe and Russia. 7. Truong AT, Kreis S, Ammerlaan W, Hartter HK, Adu F, Omilabu SA, Oyefolu ÀÎ, Berbers GA, Muller CP. Virus Res. 1999 Jul; 62(1):89-95. Genotypic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin proteins of African measles virus isolates. 8. Hanses F, van Binnendijk R, Ammerlaan W, Truong AT, de Rond L, Schneider F, Muller CP. Genetic variability of measles viruses circulating in the Benelux. Arch Virol. 2000; 145(3):541-51. 9. Mulders MM, Truong AT, Muller CP. Monitoring of measles elimination using molecular epidemiology. Vaccine. 2001 Mar 21; 19(17-19):2245-9. 10. Truong AT, Mulders MN, Gautam DC, Ammerlaan W, de Swart RL, King CC, Osterhaus AD, Muller CP. Genetic analysis of Asian measles virus strains-new endemic genotype in Nepal. Virus Res. 2001 Jul; 76(1):71-8. 11. WHO. Update of the nomenclature for describing the genetic characteristics of wild-type measles viruses: new genotypes and reference strains. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2003 Jul 4; 78(27):229-32. 12. Þ.Í. Æóðàâëåâà, Ò.À. Ìàìàåâà, Ì.À. Íàóìîâà, Í.Ò. Òèõîíîâà, Stephanie L. Liffik, Paul A. Rota, William J. Bellini. Ãåíåòè÷åñêèé àíàëèç äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè, èçîëèðîâàííûõ â åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè ÐÔ, Âîïð. âèðóñîë. N 48 (4), 2003, ñ. 29 - 35. 13. Ñ.Ã. Ìàðêóøèí, È.Á. Êîïòÿåâà, Ï. Ðîòà è äð. Ãåíåòè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè, öèðêóëèðóþùèõ íà åâðîïåéñêîé òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè. Âîïð. âèðóñîë. N 56, 2004, ñ. 12 - 15. Ïðèëîæåíèå 1 ÍÀÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÍÀ ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÎÅ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Ñòðàíà: |Ýïèäíîìåð áîëüíîãî: |Äàòà: --/--/-- | |---------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------| | Ô.È.Î. áîëüíîãî: |Ì |Æ | |---------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------| | Äàòà ðîæäåíèÿ: --/--/-- | | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Àäðåñ: | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Äàòà ïîâûøåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû: --/--/-- | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Äàòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè: --/--/-- | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé êëèíè÷åñêèé äèàãíîç: | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Îáðàçåö | Äàòà ñáîðà | Äàòà îòïðàâêè | |-----------------------|------------------------|----------------------------------| |-----------------------|------------------------|----------------------------------| |-----------------------|------------------------|----------------------------------| |-----------------------|------------------------|----------------------------------| | Ô.È.Î. ñîòðóäíèêà, êîòîðîìó äîëæíû áûòü îòïðàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû | | èññëåäîâàíèÿ | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Àäðåñ: | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Òåëåôîí: |Ôàêñ: |Ýëåêòðîííûé àäðåñ: | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà | | ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ | | (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî"): | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Ô.È.Î. ñîòðóäíèêà ëàáîðàòîðèè, ïîëó÷èâøåãî ìàòåðèàë: | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Îáðàçåö | Äàòà | Ñîñòîÿíèå| Äàòà | Òèï |Ðåçóëüòàò|Ïðèìå÷àíèå | Äàòà ïåðåäà÷è| | (N, òèï)| ïîëó÷åíèÿ| îáðàçöà: | àíàëèçà|òåñòà| àíàëèçà | | ðåçóëüòàòà | | | | | | | | | | |---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------| |---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------| |---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------| |---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñîñòîÿíèå îáðàçöà îöåíèâàåòñÿ ïî ñëåäóþùèì êðèòåðèÿì: 1) òåìïåðàòóðà íà ìîìåíò äîñòàâêè (ñîáëþäåíèå õîëîäîâîé öåïè); 2) îáúåì; 3) ãåðìåòè÷íîñòü óêóïîðêè; 4) çàïàõ; 5) öâåò; 6) ñðîêè âçÿòèÿ; 7) ñðîêè äîñòàâêè. Ñîñòîÿíèå îáðàçöà ïðèçíàåòñÿ óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíûì, åñëè ïî ñîâîêóïíîé îöåíêå ïî âûøåïåðå÷èñëåííûì êðèòåðèÿì îí ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿ ëàáîðàòîðíîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ.  ñëó÷àå íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ îáðàçöà äëÿ ëàáîðàòîðíîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ îí íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, î ÷åì äåëàåòñÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ îòìåòêà â "Íàïðàâëåíèè íà ëàáîðàòîðíîå èññëåäîâàíèå" ñ îáÿçàòåëüíûì èçâåùåíèåì ñîòðóäíèêà, íàïðàâèâøåãî ìàòåðèàë äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Âñå çàìå÷àíèÿ íåîáõîäèìî âíåñòè â ãðàôó "Ïðèìå÷àíèå". Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÀß ÑÐÅÄÀ ÄËß ÂÛÄÅËÅÍÈß ÂÈÐÓÑΠÑîñòàâ: - îñíîâíîé ðàñòâîð Õåíêñà ðÍ 7,4 ñ ÕÅÏÅÑ áóôåðîì; - áû÷èé ñûâîðîòî÷íûé àëüáóìèí; - ðàñòâîð àíòèáèîòèêîâ; - 0,4% ðàñòâîð ôåíîëîâîãî êðàñíîãî. Ðàñòâîðèòå 2,0 ã áû÷üåãî ñûâîðîòî÷íîãî àëüáóìèíà â 100 ìë äèñòèëëèðîâàííîé âîäû. Äîáàâüòå ê 80 ìë äèñòèëëèðîâàííîé âîäû 10 ìë ðàñòâîðà Õåíêñà, çàòåì äîáàâüòå 10 ìë 0,2% ðàñòâîðà áû÷üåãî ñûâîðîòî÷íîãî àëüáóìèíà (ñì. âûøå) è 0,2 ìë ðàñòâîðà ôåíîëîâîãî êðàñíîãî. Ñòåðèëèçóéòå ôèëüòðîâàíèåì. Äîáàâüòå 1 ìë ðàñòâîðà àíòèáèîòèêîâ. Ðàñòâîð àíòèáèîòèêîâ: 6 Ðàñòâîðèòå 10 ÅÄ ïåíèöèëëèíà è 1,0 ã ñòðåïòîìèöèíà â 100 ìë ñòåðèëüíîãî ôîñôàòíîãî áóôåðíîãî ðàñòâîðà. Ðàçëåéòå âî ôëàêîíû ïî 5 ìë è õðàíèòå ïðè -20 ãðàä.Ñ. Äîáàâëåíèå 1 ìë ýòîãî ðàñòâîðà ê 100 ìë ïèòàòåëüíîé ñðåäû ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü ðàáî÷èé ðàñòâîð ñ îêîí÷àòåëüíîé êîíöåíòðàöèåé 100 ÅÄ ïåíèöèëëèíà è 100 ìêã ñòðåïòîìèöèíà â 1 ìë ðàñòâîðà. Ïðèìå÷àíèå: ïðè îòñóòñòâèè òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ïèòàòåëüíóþ ñðåäó äëÿ êóëüòóð êëåòîê (RPMI, ÈÃËÀ è äð.). |