ÑÁÎÐ, ÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ, ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÈÐÎÂÊÀ È ÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ ÊËÈÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÎÁÐÀÇÖΠÄËß ÈÇÎËßÖÈÈ ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ È ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß. Ïèñüìî. Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ ñëóæáà ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå çàùèòû ïðàâ ïîòðåáèòåëåé è áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÷åëîâåêà. 26.07.05 0100/5751-05-32


                                ÏÈÑÜÌÎ

             ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÍÀÄÇÎÐÓ Â ÑÔÅÐÅ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ
              ÏÐÀ ÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÒÅËÅÉ È ÁËÀÃÎÏÎËÓ×Èß ×ÅËÎÂÅÊÀ

                           26 èþëÿ 2005 ã.
                          N 0100/5751-05-32

                                 (Ä)


     Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ  ñëóæáà ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå çàùèòû ïðàâ ïîòðåáèòåëåé è
áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ  ÷åëîâåêà  íàïðàâëÿåò  äëÿ  ðóêîâîäñòâà è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â
ðàáîòå ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè êîðè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè
ê 2010 ãîäó èíôîðìàöèîííîå ïèñüìî N 1 îò 08.07.2005 "Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà,
òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà  è  õðàíåíèå  êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà
êîðè    è    ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ",    ðàçðàáîòàííîå    ÔÃÓÍ    "Ìîñêîâñêèé
íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé  èíñòèòóò  ýïèäåìèîëîãèè  è ìèêðîáèîëîãèè èì.
Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî".

Çàìåñòèòåëü Ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ
                                                         Ë.Ï.ÃÓËÜ×ÅÍÊÎ
26 èþëÿ 2005 ã.
N 0100/5751-05-32


                                                             ÓÒÂÅÐÆÄÀÞ
                                                 Äèðåêòîð ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ
                                               èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî"
                                                    äîêòîð áèîë. íàóê,
                                                             ïðîôåññîð
                                                           Â.À.ÀËÅØÊÈÍ
                                                      8 èþëÿ 2005 ãîäà

       ÑÁÎÐ, ÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ, ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÈÐÎÂÊÀ È ÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ ÊËÈÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ
         ÎÁÐÀÇÖÎÂ ÄËß ÈÇÎËßÖÈÈ ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ È ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß

                      ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÏÈÑÜÌÎ N 1

                               Ââåäåíèå

     Ïëàíîâàÿ  âàêöèíàöèÿ è ðåâàêöèíàöèÿ äåòåé æèâîé êîðåâîé âàêöèíîé,
à  òàêæå ïðîâåäåíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ïðèâèâî÷íûõ êàìïàíèé ñïîñîáñòâîâàëè
íåóêëîííîìó  ñíèæåíèþ  çàáîëåâàåìîñòè  êîðüþ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Â
ðåçóëüòàòå   â   öåëîì   ïî   Ðîññèè   íà   ïðîòÿæåíèè  ïîñëåäíèõ  ëåò
ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ  íèçêèå ïîêàçàòåëè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè êîðüþ - îò 0,4 â 2002
ãîäó  äî  3,3  â  2000  ãîäó íà 100 òûñ. íàñåëåíèÿ. Íà ðÿäå òåððèòîðèé
îòìå÷àåòñÿ  ñïîðàäè÷åñêàÿ  çàáîëåâàåìîñòü,  áîëåå  ÷åì  â  30 ðåãèîíàõ
ñëó÷àè   êîðè   íå  ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ  íà  ïðîòÿæåíèè  2  ïîñëåäíèõ  ëåò,
ëèêâèäèðîâàíà  ñìåðòíîñòü  è  ëåòàëüíîñòü  îò  ýòîé  èíôåêöèè. Âñå ýòî
ïîçâîëèëî ðàçðàáîòàòü è íà÷àòü ðåàëèçàöèþ ïðîãðàììû "Ëèêâèäàöèÿ êîðè â
Ðîññèéñêîé  Ôåäåðàöèè  ê  2010  ãîäó" (Ïðèêàç Ìèíèñòðà çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ
Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè N 270 îò 19.08.02).
     Âìåñòå ñ òåì, ó÷èòûâàÿ ñõîäñòâî êëèíè÷åñêèõ ïðîÿâëåíèé èíôåêöèè ñ
ðÿäîì  äðóãèõ  ýêçàíòåìíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, óòðàòó ïðàêòèêóþùèìè âðà÷àìè â
ðÿäå  ñëó÷àåâ  íàâûêîâ  êëèíè÷åñêîé  äèàãíîñòèêè êîðè íà ôîíå ñíèæåíèÿ
îáùåãî óðîâíÿ çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ñóùåñòâóåò âåðîÿòíîñòü ñêðûòîé öèðêóëÿöèè
âèðóñà  êîðè.    ýòîé  ñâÿçè çíà÷èòåëüíî âîçðàñòàåò ðîëü ëàáîðàòîðíîé
äèàãíîñòèêè   êîðè.   Ñîâðåìåííûå   ìåòîäû   ëàáîðàòîðíîé  äèàãíîñòèêè
ïîçâîëÿþò  ïîäòâåðæäàòü  ñëó÷àè  êîðè,  âûäåëÿòü  âèðóñ  äëÿ  èçó÷åíèÿ
áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ   ñâîéñòâ   è  ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ,  ÷òî,  â  ñâîþ  î÷åðåäü,
ïîçâîëÿåò    îñóùåñòâëÿòü    ìîíèòîðèíã   öèðêóëÿöèè   âîçáóäèòåëÿ   è
îïòèìèçèðîâàòü óñèëèÿ êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöèè.
     Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèå   ìåòîäû   èññëåäîâàíèÿ  â  ñîâðåìåííûõ
óñëîâèÿõ èãðàþò âàæíóþ ðîëü â êîíòðîëå çà öåëûì ðÿäîì èíôåêöèé, è êîðü
íå   ÿâëÿåòñÿ  èñêëþ÷åíèåì.    îñíîâå  ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ  ëåæèò  àíàëèç
íóêëåîòèäíîé  ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè ÑÎÎÍ - êîíöåâîãî ôðàãìåíòà N - ãåíà -
íàèáîëåå  âàðèàáåëüíîãî ó÷àñòêà âèðóñíîãî ãåíîìà. Äëÿ êàæäîãî ãåíîòèïà
ñóùåñòâóåò  ýòàëîííûé  øòàìì  -  øòàìì, âûäåëåííûé èñòîðè÷åñêè ïåðâûì.
Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêîå  èçó÷åíèå äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè ïîêàçàëî,
÷òî    áîëüøèíñòâî   ãåíîòèïîâ   èìåþò   îïðåäåëåííîå   ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå,    ëèøü    íåêîòîðûå    ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû    ïðàêòè÷åñêè
ïîâñåìåñòíî.  Áëàãîäàðÿ  ñîâìåñòíûì  èññëåäîâàíèÿì âåäóùèõ ëàáîðàòîðèé
ìèðà   ñîçäàíà   ãëîáàëüíàÿ   êàðòà   ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîãî  ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ
ãåíîòèïîâ  âèðóñà  êîðè  [1 - 11], ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ îñóùåñòâëÿòü ìîíèòîðèíã
öèðêóëÿöèè  âèðóñà,  îïðåäåëÿòü  ïóòè  ýíäåìè÷íîãî  ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ  è
èìïîðòèðîâàíèÿ  èíôåêöèè.  Â  íàñòîÿùåå  âðåìÿ  (ÂÎÇ, 2003) îïèñàíî 22
ãåíîòèïà  âèðóñà  êîðè (òàáë. 1), îáúåäèíåííûõ â 8 ãðóïï, 16 ãåíîòèïîâ
öèðêóëèðóþò  â  ðàçëè÷íûõ  ÷àñòÿõ çåìíîãî øàðà, åùå 7 áûëè èçîëèðîâàíû
äîñòàòî÷íî  äàâíî è ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå èëè âûìåðøèå,
òàê êàê â òå÷åíèå äëèòåëüíîãî âðåìåíè ïîâòîðíî íå îáíàðóæèâàëèñü.

                                                             Òàáëèöà 1

                     ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÛ ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ (2003)

---------------------------------------------------------------------
| Ãðóïïà | Ãåíîòèï |              Àðåàë ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ             |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| À      | À       | Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ãëîáàëüíîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â    |
|        |         | äîâàêöèíàëüíóþ ýðó, Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1995, Ìîñêâà  |
|        |         | 1988, Íîâîñèáèðñê 1996, Èíäèÿ 1997             |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| Â      | Â1 <*>  | Êàìåðóí 1983                                   |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | Â2 <*>  | Ãàáîí 1984, Ãàìáèÿ 1984/1991                   |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | Â3.1    | Ñóäàí, Íèãåðèÿ, Ãàíà 1998 - 2001, Êàìåðóí 2001 |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | Â3.2    | Ãàìáèÿ 1993                                    |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| Ñ      | Ñ1 <*>  | ßïîíèÿ 1983/1984, Èñïàíèÿ 1979, Àðãåíòèíà      |
|        |         | 1991/1994                                      |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | Ñ2      | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1990/1991, Ìàðîêêî, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ,  |
|        |         | ×åõèÿ 1992, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1990 - 1993, Íèäåðëàíäû   |
|        |         | 1994, Äàíèÿ 1997, Ëþêñåìáóðã 1996/1997, Êàíàäà |
|        |         | 1997, ÑØÀ 1997/1998, Êðàñíîÿðñê 2004           |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| Å      | Å <*>   | ÑØÀ 1970-å, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1971, Êàíàäà 1987         |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| F      | F <*>   | Èñïàíèÿ 1960-å                                 |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| G      | G1 <*>  | ÑØÀ 1983                                       |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | G2      | Èíäîíåçèÿ 1997/1999, Ìàëàéçèÿ 1999             |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | G3      | Âîñòî÷íûé Òèìîð, Èíäîíåçèÿ (East Java),        |
|        |         | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1999                                 |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| Í      | Í1      | Êèòàé 1993 - 1994, Êîðåÿ, Ñèíãàïóð 2000, Ðîññèÿ|
|        |         | 2000/2004, ßïîíèÿ 2001                         |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | Í2      | Êèòàé 1994, ÑØÀ 1997, Âüåòíàì 1998             |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| D      | D1 <*>  | Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ 1974, Àâñòðàëèÿ 1973 - 1981,    |
|        |         | Ñåâåðíàÿ Èðëàíäèÿ 1983/1986                    |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D2      | Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1986/1989, Çàìáèÿ 1992, Èðëàíäèÿ  |
|        |         | 2000                                           |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D3      | Òàéâàíü, Ôèëèïïèíû, ÑØÀ 1989, ßïîíèÿ 1992      |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D4      | Þæíàÿ Àôðèêà 1978/1986/1990/1994 - 1995/1997,  |
|        |         | Ïàêèñòàí 1989, Èðàí, Êåíèÿ, Çèìáàáâå, Íàìèáèÿ  |
|        |         | 1997, Èíäèÿ, Àâñòðàëèÿ 1998, Ýôèîïèÿ, Ðîññèÿ   |
|        |         | 1999 - 2003                                    |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D5      | ßïîíèÿ, Òàèëàíä 1993, ÑØÀ, Òàéâàíü 1994,       |
|        |         | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1995, Íîâàÿ Çåëàíäèÿ 2001            |
|--------|---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D6      | Ðîññèÿ, Áðàçèëèÿ 1996 - 1997, Àðãåíòèíà 1998,  |
|        |         | Óðóãâàé, Áîëèâèÿ 1999, Êèïð, Óêðàèíà, Õîðâàòèÿ,|
|        |         | Èòàëèÿ, Ãðåöèÿ, Òóðöèÿ, Ãåðìàíèÿ 1993 - 1996,  |
|        |         | ÑØÀ 1997, Ïîëüøà, Äîìèíèêàíñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà     |
|        |         | 1999, Íèäåðëàíäû 2000, Ðîññèÿ 1997/2003 - 2005 |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D7      | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1985 - 1989/1999, ÑØÀ 1999, Ãåðìàíèÿ |
|        |         | 1999 - 2001                                    |
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D8      | Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ 1994, Ýôèîïèÿ, Íåïàë 1999, Èíäèÿ|
|        |---------|------------------------------------------------|
|        | D9      | Àâñòðàëèÿ 1999 - 2001                          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------
     <*> Èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå ãåíîòèïû.

     Äàííûå  î ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà
êîðè  ïðåäñòàâëÿþò èíòåðåñ íå òîëüêî ñ òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé, íî è äëÿ
ðàçðàáîòêè   ðåàëüíîé   ñòðàòåãèè   ýëèìèíàöèè   êîðè   íà  êîíêðåòíîé
òåððèòîðèè.  ÂÎÇ  ðåêîìåíäóåò ïðîâåäåíèå ìîëåêóëÿðíîãî òèïèðîâàíèÿ êàê
âàæíûé  ýëåìåíò  â  íàäçîðå  çà  êîðüþ,  â  îñîáåííîñòè  äëÿ ðåãèîíîâ,
ïðèáëèæàþùèõñÿ ê ëèêâèäàöèè äàííîãî çàáîëåâàíèÿ [11].
     Â Ðîññèè ñ 2001 ã. óñïåøíî ôóíêöèîíèðóåò ñîçäàííàÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè
ñ   ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè  ÂÎÇ  ëàáîðàòîðíàÿ  ñåòü,  âêëþ÷àþùàÿ  Íàöèîíàëüíûé
íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèé  öåíòð  ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í.
Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî")    è    10   ðåãèîíàëüíûõ   öåíòðîâ   (ñóáíàöèîíàëüíûõ
ëàáîðàòîðèé).
     Ðàáîòà  ïî  èçîëÿöèè  è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè
áûëà    íà÷àòà    åùå    â   1988   ã.      êîëëåêöèè   Íàöèîíàëüíîãî
íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í.
Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî")  -  áîëåå 40 èçîëÿòîâ âèðóñà êîðè, âûäåëåííûõ â ðàçíûõ
ðåãèîíàõ  ÐÔ  â  ïåðèîä  1988  - 2004 ãã., áîëüøèíñòâî èç êîòîðûõ áûëè
ãåíîòèïèðîâàíû   (òàáë.   2)   â   2002   -   2003  [12]  è  2004  ãã.
(íåîïóáëèêîâàííûå äàííûå).

                                                             Òàáëèöà 2

                        ÃÅÍÎÒÈÏÛ ÄÈÊÈÕ ØÒÀÌÌÎÂ
               ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ, ÂÛÄÅËÅÍÍÛÕ ÍÀ ÒÅÐÐÈÒÎÐÈÈ ÐÔ
            (ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß È ÄÀÍÍÛÅ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ)

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|       Òåððèòîðèÿ       |  Êîëè÷åñòâî  |    Ãîä    |   Ãåíîòèï   |
|                        |   îáðàçöîâ   | âûäåëåíèÿ |             |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |3             |1988       |À            |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Íîâîñèáèðñê [6]        |3             |1996       |À            |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Íîâîñèáèðñê [6]        |1             |1997       |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |2             |1999       |D4           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |2             |2000       |Í1           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |2             |2001       |D4           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà [13]            |11            |1998 - 2002|D4           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |14            |2003       |D4           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |7             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Àñòðàõàíü              |2             |           |D4           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Ñåâåðíàÿ Îñåòèÿ        |1             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Äàãåñòàí               |1             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Ðîñòîâ                 |5             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Íîâîêóçíåöê            |4             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |8             |2004       |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã        |4             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Þæíî-Ñàõàëèíñê         |4             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Êðàñíîÿðñê             |8             |           |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Êðàñíîÿðñê             |1             |           |Ñ2           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Áëàãîâåùåíñê           |2             |           |Í1           |
|------------------------|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| Ìîñêâà                 |1             |2005       |D6           |
|------------------------|--------------|           |-------------|
| Íîâîñèáèðñê            |1             |           |D6           |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

     Íà   òåððèòîðèè   ÐÔ   â   ðàçíîå   âðåìÿ  èçîëèðîâàíû  øòàììû  -
ïðåäñòàâèòåëè  ãåíîòèïîâ  À,  D4,  D6,  Í1, Ñ2, ïðè ýòîì ïðåäñòàâèòåëè
ãåíîòèïà  À,  ïî-âèäèìîìó,  áûëè  ýíäåìè÷íûìè  äî  ñåðåäèíû  90-õ  ãã.
ïðîøëîãî   âåêà,   â  ïîñëåäóþùåì  íàáëþäàëàñü  ýíäåìè÷íàÿ  öèðêóëÿöèÿ
ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé  ãåíîòèïîâ  D4  è D6, åäèíè÷íûå ñëó÷àè èçîëÿöèè øòàììîâ
ãåíîòèïîâ Ñ2 è Í1 ñâÿçàíû ñ èìïîðòèðîâàíèåì.
     Áîëüøèíñòâî  èññëåäîâàííûõ îáðàçöîâ, ñîáðàííûõ â 2003 è 2004 ãã.,
ïðèíàäëåæàëî  ê  ãåíîòèïó  D6. Äàííûé ãåíîòèï îáíàðóæåí â ã.ã. Ìîñêâå,
Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå,     Ðîñòîâå-íà-Äîíó,     Íîâîêóçíåöêå    (Êåìåðîâî),
Êðàñíîÿðñêå,  Þæíî-Ñàõàëèíñêå  è  Ðåñïóáëèêå  Ñåâåðíîé  Îñåòèè.  Ðàíåå
ãåíîòèï  D6 áûë çàôèêñèðîâàí â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè â 1997 ã. è îïðåäåëÿëñÿ
â ã. Ìîñêâå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Äàãåñòàí â 2003 ã.
     Èçîëÿòû,  ïîëó÷åííûå  â  àïðåëå  2004  ã.  âî  âðåìÿ âñïûøêè â ã.
Áëàãîâåùåíñê  îò  äâóõ  ÷åëîâåê, áûëè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû êàê ãåíîòèï Í1.
Òàê  êàê ãåíîòèï Í1 øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåí â Êèòàå è Ìîíãîëèè, âåðîÿòíî,
ýòè  øòàììû  áûëè  èìïîðòèðîâàíû  â  ã.  Áëàãîâåùåíñê  ñ  ñîïðåäåëüíûõ
òåððèòîðèé.
     Âìåñòå  ñ òåì âïåðâûå íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè (ã. Êðàñíîÿðñê) â 2004
ã.  áûëà  âûäåëåíà  ÐÍÊ  âèðóñà êîðè, ïðèíàäëåæàùåãî ê ãåíîòèïó Ñ2. Ïî
äàííûì  ñåêâåíèðîâàíèÿ ÑÎÎÍ - êîíöåâîãî ôðàãìåíòà N - ãåíà, ïîëó÷åííûé
îáðàçåö ÐÍÊ îòëè÷àëñÿ îò âñåõ øòàììîâ äàííîãî ãåíîòèïà, ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ
â  ãåíáàíêå,  ïðè ýòîì íàèáîëåå áëèçêèìè ê íåìó ïî ãåíåòè÷åñêîìó äðåâó
áûëè øòàììû, ðàíåå èçîëèðîâàííûå â Ìàðîêêî (1995, 3 çàìåíû) è Çàïàäíîé
Åâðîïå.  Òàê  êàê  èçîëÿò âèðóñà íå áûë ïîëó÷åí, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå äàííûå
ñëåäóåò  ðàññìàòðèâàòü  êàê  ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå. Äëÿ çàêëþ÷åíèÿ î ïðèðîäå
äàííîãî  ñëó÷àÿ  (èíäèãåííàÿ  öèðêóëÿöèÿ,  èìïîðòèðîâàíèå)  íåîáõîäèìû
äîïîëíèòåëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ.
     Òèïè÷íûå  ïðåäñòàâèòåëè  ðàçíûõ ãåíîòèïîâ âèðóñà êîðè, âûäåëåííûå
íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, äåïîíèðîâàíû â ìåæäóíàðîäíîì áàíêå
øòàììîâ  âèðóñà  êîðè  (ÑDÑ,  Àòëàíòà, ÑØÀ), äàííûå ïî ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ
ïåðåäàíû â ãåíáàíê (òàáë. 3).

                                                             Òàáëèöà 3

                   ØÒÀÌÌÛ (ÎÁÐÀÇÖÛ ÐÍÊ) ÂÈÐÓÑÀ ÊÎÐÈ

----------------------------------------------------------------------
|   N  |   Øòàìì (îáðàçåö ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè)   |    Íîìåð â GenBank    |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 1.   | Buk 1988 [À]                        | Y13816                |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 2.   | Nov1/96* 1996 [À]                   | Y13818                |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 3.   | Nov2/96* 1996 [À]                   | Y17030                |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 4.   | Nov3/96* 1996 [À]                   | Y17031                |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 5.   | Nov/97* 1997 [D6]                   | Y17032                |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 6.   | MVi/Moscow.RUS/19.99 [D4]           | AY920718              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 7.   | MVi/Moscow.RUS/22.99 [D4]           | AY920709              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 8.   | MVi/Moscow.RUS/13.00/2 [H1]         | AY920713              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 9.   | MVi/Moscow.RUS/23.01 [D4]           | AY920711              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 10.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/25.01 [D4]           | AY920710 AY633620     |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 11.  | MVi/Astrakhan.RUS/12.03/1 [D4]      | AY920716              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 12.  | MVi/Astrakhan.RUS/12.03/2 [D4]      | AY920717              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 13.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/13.03/2 [D6]         | AY920714              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 14.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/15.03 [D4]           | AY920715              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 15.  | MVi/Dagestan.RUS/20.03 [D6]         | AY920712              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 16.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/21.03 [D4]           | AY920729              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 17.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/25.03/1 [D6]         | AY920725              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 18.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/29.03/2 [D4]         | AY920728              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 19.  | MVi/Kemerovo.RUS/42.03 [D6]         | AY649758              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 20.  | MVi/Novokuzneck.RUS/44.03/1 [D6]    | AY920727              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 21.  | MVs/Rostov.RUS/47.03/1 [D6]         | AY920731              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 22.  | MVi/N.Osetiya.RUS/51.03 [D6]        | AY920726              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 23.  | MVs/Krasnoyarsk.RUS/13.04 [D6]      | AY920730              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 24.  | MVi/Moscow.RUS/14.04 [D6]           | AY920723              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 25.  | MVi/Blagoveschensk.RUS/14.04/1 [Í1] | AY920722              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 26.  | MVi/Blagoveschensk.RUS/14.04/2 [Í1] | AY920721              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 27.  | MVi/S-Petersburg.RUS/16.04/1 [D6]   | AY920720              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 28.  | MVi/S-Sahalinsk.RUS/19.04/1 [D6]    | AY920724              |
|------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| 29.  | MVi/Minsk. Belarus/28.04 [D6]       | AY920719              |
----------------------------------------------------------------------

     Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèé    ìîíèòîðèíã    çà   âèðóñîì   êîðè   ñ
èñïîëüçîâàíèåì   ìåòîäîâ   ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî   òèïèðîâàíèÿ  â
Ðîññèéñêîé  Ôåäåðàöèè  â  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåïîëíûì, ïîñêîëüêó
ìåòîäàìè  ìîëåêóëÿðíîãî  òèïèðîâàíèÿ  õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ëèøü ìàëàÿ ÷àñòü
î÷àãîâ  èíôåêöèè,  ÷òî  ñóùåñòâåííî çàòðóäíÿåò èñïîëüçîâàíèå èìåþùèõñÿ
äàííûõ  íà  ïðàêòèêå.  Àêòóàëüíîé  çàäà÷åé  â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ
ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êàæäîãî î÷àãà êîðè.
     Èçó÷åíèå    øòàììîâ   âèðóñà   êîðè   ïîçâîëèò   ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü
âèðóñîëîãè÷åñêèé  íàäçîð  çà  êîðåâîé  èíôåêöèåé,  à  òàêæå ðåøèòü ðÿä
ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ   çàäà÷  (äåìîíñòðàöèÿ  ïóòåé  ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ  èíôåêöèè,
ïîäòâåðæäåíèå  ïðåðûâàíèÿ  ýíäåìè÷íîé öèðêóëÿöèè âèðóñà, ïîäòâåðæäåíèå
çàâîçíîãî  õàðàêòåðà  ñëó÷àåâ,  ìîíèòîðèíã ýôôåêòèâíîñòè âàêöèíàöèè) â
ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè êîðè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü
ðàáîòû ëàáîðàòîðíîé ñåòè â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè çàâèñèò îò ìåòîäè÷åñêè
ïðàâèëüíîé  îðãàíèçàöèè  ñáîðà, ïîäãîòîâêè, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè è õðàíåíèÿ
êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ.

             Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà è õðàíåíèå
            êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè
                          è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ

                         I. Îáùàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ

     I.1. Êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå
       êà÷åñòâå  êëèíè÷åñêèõ  îáðàçöîâ  äëÿ  èçîëÿöèè  âèðóñà êîðè íà
êóëüòóðå êëåòîê è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì ïðîâåäåíèåì
ÏÖÐ  è  ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ  îò  áîëüíûõ  êîðüþ  è  ïîäîçðèòåëüíûõ  íà ýòó
èíôåêöèþ  ïàöèåíòîâ  èñïîëüçóþòñÿ  öåëüíàÿ  êðîâü, ìî÷à, íîñîãëîòî÷íûå
ñîñêîáû è ñìûâû.
     I.2. Èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè
     Êëèíè÷åñêèå   îáðàçöû   ïîòåíöèàëüíî   ìîãóò   ñîäåðæàòü  øèðîêîå
ðàçíîîáðàçèå  âîçáóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì âñå
ìàíèïóëÿöèè   íåîáõîäèìî  ïðîâîäèòü  ñ  ñîáëþäåíèåì  ïðàâèë  ðàáîòû  ñ
èíôèöèðîâàííûìè  ìàòåðèàëàìè.  Âñåãäà  ñëåäóåò  íàäåâàòü ïåð÷àòêè, ïðè
ðàáîòå âíå áîêñà - èñïîëüçîâàòü çàùèòíûå î÷êè.
     I.3. Ìàòåðèàëû è îáîðóäîâàíèå
     Ãðàäóèðîâàííûå     öåíòðèôóæíûå     ïëàñòèêîâûå     ïðîáèðêè    ñ
çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé íà 15 è 50 ìë.
     Ïðîáèðêè òèïà "Ýïïåíäîðô".
     Ïëàñòèêîâûå   ïðîáèðêè   ñ   çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ  êðûøêîé  2  ìë  äëÿ
çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ.
     Àíòèáèîòèêè:
     áåíçèëïåíèöèëëèíà íàòðèåâàÿ (êàëèåâàÿ ñîëü) ñîëü;
     ñòðåïòîìèöèíà ñóëüôàò.
     Âàêóòåéíåðû ñ ÝÄÒÀ.
     Ïëàñòèêîâûå êîíòåéíåðû 50 ìë äëÿ ñáîðà ìî÷è.
     Íàáîð äëÿ âçÿòèÿ íîñîãëîòî÷íûõ ñîñêîáîâ (ñòåðèëüíûé çîíä - òàìïîí
â ïðîáèðêå).
     Ðåôðèæåðàòîðíàÿ öåíòðèôóãà.
     I.4. Âàæíûå óñëîâèÿ
     Âñå ïðîöåäóðû  ñëåäóåò ïðîâîäèòü â óñëîâèÿõ ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíîé
ñòåðèëüíîñòè.  Ðàáîòàòü íåîáõîäèìî  ñ  îõëàæäåííûìè  äî  2...8  ãðàä.Ñ
îáðàçöàìè,  íå äîïóñêàÿ èõ íàãðåâàíèÿ è âîçäåéñòâèÿ ïðÿìîãî ñîëíå÷íîãî
ñâåòà.
     Íà   êàæäûé   îáðàçåö   îáÿçàòåëüíî  çàïîëíåíèå  "Íàïðàâëåíèÿ  íà
ëàáîðàòîðíîå èññëåäîâàíèå" (Ïðèëîæåíèå 1).
     Èññëåäîâàíèå íåñêîëüêèõ îáðàçöîâ îò îäíîãî ïàöèåíòà (êðîâü, ìî÷à,
íîñîãëîòî÷íûå  îáðàçöû)  ñóùåñòâåííî  ïîâûøàåò  âåðîÿòíîñòü  âûäåëåíèÿ
âèðóñà.  Âåðîÿòíîñòü âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà íàèáîëåå âåëèêà ïðè èññëåäîâàíèè
îáðàçöîâ,  ñîáðàííûõ  â  ïåðâûå  3  ñóòîê ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè, íå
ñëåäóåò çàäåðæèâàòü ñáîð îáðàçöîâ.
     Ïîñêîëüêó  èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà êîðè è ãåíîòèïèðîâàíèþ
ïðîâîäÿòñÿ  â  íàñòîÿùåå  âðåìÿ  òîëüêî  â  ëàáîðàòîðèè  Íàöèîíàëüíîãî
íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî   öåíòðà   ïî  íàäçîðó  çà  êîðüþ,  öåëåñîîáðàçíî
êëèíè÷åñêèå  îáðàçöû  íàïðàâëÿòü  íàïðÿìóþ  â  ÔÃÓÍ  "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ  èì. Ã.Í.
Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî".

         II. Ñáîð, ïîäãîòîâêà, õðàíåíèå êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ

     II.1.  Âçÿòèå  êðîâè  äëÿ  âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ
âèðóñà êîðè
     Öåëüíàÿ   êðîâü,  ñîáðàííàÿ  â  ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå  ñðîêè,  ÿâëÿåòñÿ
îïòèìàëüíûì îáðàçöîì äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà
êîðè. Êðîâü íåîáõîäèìî çàáèðàòü íå ïîçäíåå 5 ñóòîê ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ
ñûïè.
      ñëó÷àå çàáîðà öåëüíîé êðîâè ó ïàöèåíòà äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè äàííûé
îáðàçåö  òàêæå  ìîæíî  èñïîëüçîâàòü  äëÿ  ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè è
äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîé ÏÖÐ.
     Ìàíèïóëÿöèè
     Çàáåðèòå  5  ìë âåíîçíîé êðîâè â âàêóòåéíåð ñ ÝÄÒÀ (èñïîëüçîâàíèå
ÝÄÒÀ â êà÷åñòâå àíòèêîàãóëÿíòà ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå, òàê êàê ãåïàðèí ìîæåò
îêàçûâàòü  íåãàòèâíîå  âëèÿíèå  íà ïðîöåäóðó ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà ïðè
äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîé ÏÖÐ).
     1.  Îáðàçåö  íåîáõîäèìî  äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ
ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ. Öåëüíóþ êðîâü íå çàìîðàæèâàòü!!!
     2.   ñëó÷àå  îòñóòñòâèÿ  âîçìîæíîñòè  äëÿ  äîñòàâêè  îáðàçöà   â
óêàçàííûå ñðîêè âûäåëèòå ñóñïåíçèþ ìîíîíóêëåàðîâ â ãðàäèåíòå ïëîòíîñòè
Fikoll - paque,  çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå  ïðè  òåìïåðàòóðå  íå  âûøå  -20
ãðàä.Ñ (îïòèìàëüíî ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ).
     3.  Çàìîðîæåííûé  îáðàçåö  íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ
èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó).
     II.2.  Âçÿòèå  ìî÷è  äëÿ  âûäåëåíèÿ  âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ
âèðóñà êîðè
     Äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ìîæåò áûòü
èñïîëüçîâàíà ìî÷à, ñîáðàííàÿ íå ïîçæå 7 äíÿ ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè.
     Ìàíèïóëÿöèè
     1. Ñîáåðèòå 10 - 50 ìë ìî÷è â ñòåðèëüíóþ åìêîñòü. Ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíî
ñîáèðàòü ïåðâóþ óòðåííþþ ïîðöèþ.
     2. Îõëàäèòå îáðàçåö äî +4 ãðàä.Ñ. Öåëüíóþ ìî÷ó íå çàìîðàæèâàòü!!!
     3. Îñàäèòå  êëåòî÷íóþ  ôðàêöèþ  ïóòåì  öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ  ïðè  +4
ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí.
     4. Óäàëèòå íàäîñàäî÷íóþ æèäêîñòü.
     5. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû (Ïðèëîæåíèå 2).
     6.  Ïåðåíåñèòå  ïîëó÷åííûé  îáðàçåö  â  ñòåðèëüíóþ  ïðîáèðêó òèïà
"Ýïïåíäîðô"  èëè  ïëàñòèêîâóþ  ïðîáèðêó  ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ êðûøêîé äëÿ
çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ.
     7.  Îáðàçåö  íåîáõîäèìî  äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ
ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ.
     8.    ñëó÷àå  îòñóòñòâèÿ  âîçìîæíîñòè  äëÿ  äîñòàâêè  îáðàçöà  â
óêàçàííûå ñðîêè çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå îáðàçåö ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå  íå  âûøå
-20   ãðàä.Ñ   (îïòèìàëüíî   ïðè  -70  ãðàä.Ñ).  Çàìîðîæåííûé  îáðàçåö
íåîáõîäèìî äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê  ìîæíî  ñêîðåå
ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó).
     II.3. Âçÿòèå íîñîãëîòî÷íûõ ñîñêîáîâ è ñìûâîâ äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà
êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè
     Äëÿ âûäåëåíèÿ âèðóñà êîðè è ýêñòðàêöèè ÐÍÊ âèðóñà êîðè ìîæåò áûòü
èñïîëüçîâàí   íîñîãëîòî÷íûé   ñìûâ   èëè   ñîñêîá  (ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå),
ñîáðàííûå íå ïîçæå 7 äíÿ ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè.
     Ìàíèïóëÿöèè
     Íîñîãëîòî÷íûé ñìûâ
     1.   Ïðåäëîæèòå   ïàöèåíòó   ïðîïîëîñêàòü   ãîðëî   3   -   5  ìë
ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàñòâîðà.
     2. Ñîáåðèòå ïðîìûâíûå âîäû â ñòåðèëüíóþ ïðîáèðêó.
     3. Îñàäèòå  êëåòî÷íóþ  ôðàêöèþ  ïóòåì  öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ  ïðè  +4
ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí.
     4.   Ïåðåíåñèòå  íàäîñàäî÷íóþ  æèäêîñòü  â  îòäåëüíóþ  ñòåðèëüíóþ
ïðîáèðêó  òèïà  "Ýïïåíäîðô" èëè ïëàñòèêîâóþ ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ
êðûøêîé äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ.
     5. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû.
     6.  Îáðàçöû  íåîáõîäèìî  äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ
ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ.
     7.   ñëó÷àå  îòñóòñòâèÿ  âîçìîæíîñòè  äëÿ  äîñòàâêè  îáðàçöîâ  â
óêàçàííûå  ñðîêè  çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå îáðàçöû ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå íå âûøå
-20  ãðàä.Ñ  (îïòèìàëüíî  ïðè  -70   ãðàä.Ñ).   Çàìîðîæåííûé   îáðàçåö
íåîáõîäèìî  äîñòàâèòü  â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå
ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó).
     Íîñîãëîòî÷íûé ñîñêîá
     1.   Ñòåðèëüíûì   âàòíûì   òàìïîíîì   ñ  óñèëèåì  (÷òîáû  ñîáðàòü
äîñòàòî÷íîå  êîëè÷åñòâî êëåòîê) ïðîòðèòå ñëèçèñòóþ îáîëî÷êó íîñîãëîòêè
ïàöèåíòà.
     2. Òàìïîí ïîìåñòèòå â ñòåðèëüíóþ 15 ìë ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ
êðûøêîé, ñîäåðæàùóþ 3 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû.
     3.  Îáðàçåö  íåîáõîäèìî  äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ
ïðè 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ â òå÷åíèå 48 ÷àñîâ.
     4.    ñëó÷àå  îòñóòñòâèÿ  âîçìîæíîñòè  äëÿ  äîñòàâêè  îáðàçöà  â
óêàçàííûå  ñðîêè ïðîáèðêó ñ òàìïîíîì ýíåðãè÷íî âñòðÿõíèòå, ÷òîáû ñìûòü
êëåòêè, è èçâëåêèòå òàìïîí.
     5. Îñàäèòå  êëåòî÷íóþ  ôðàêöèþ  ïóòåì  öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ  ïðè  +4
ãðàä.Ñ 1500 îá./ìèí. â òå÷åíèå 5 ìèí.
     6.   Ïåðåíåñèòå  íàäîñàäî÷íóþ  æèäêîñòü  â  îòäåëüíóþ  ñòåðèëüíóþ
ïðîáèðêó  òèïà  "Ýïïåíäîðô" èëè ïëàñòèêîâóþ ïðîáèðêó ñ çàâèí÷èâàþùåéñÿ
êðûøêîé äëÿ çàìîðàæèâàíèÿ îáðàçöîâ.
     7. Ðàñòâîðèòå îñàäîê â 1 ìë òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû.
     8. Çàìîðîçüòå è õðàíèòå  îáðàçöû  ïðè  òåìïåðàòóðå  íå  âûøå  -20
ãðàä.Ñ  (îïòèìàëüíî  ïðè -70 ãðàä.Ñ).  Çàìîðîæåííûé îáðàçåö íåîáõîäèìî
äîñòàâèòü â ëàáîðàòîðèþ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ  êàê  ìîæíî  ñêîðåå  ïðè  -70
ãðàä.Ñ (â ñóõîì ëüäó).

                    III. Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà îáðàçöîâ

     Ñîáðàííûå  îáðàçöû  íåîáõîäèìî  ïîìåñòèòü â îòäåëüíûå ïëàñòèêîâûå
ïàêåòû  ñ  çàìêîì  ñ  íåáîëüøèì  êîëè÷åñòâîì âàòû äëÿ àäñîðáöèè âëàãè.
Íåëüçÿ  óïàêîâûâàòü  êëèíè÷åñêèå îáðàçöû îò ðàçíûõ ëþäåé â îäèí ïàêåò.
Íåñêîëüêî êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ îò îäíîãî ïàöèåíòà ìîãóò áûòü óïàêîâàíû
â îäèí ïàêåò áîëüøåãî ðàçìåðà.
     Äëÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè îáðàçöîâ ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü  òåðìîêîíòåéíåðû,
òåðìîñû  èëè  ïåíîïëàñòîâûå  êîðîáêè  ñ õëàäîýëåìåíòàìè.  Çàìîðîæåííûå
(îõëàæäåííûå äî 2...8 ãðàä.Ñ) õëàäîýëåìåíòû (ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ëåä  â
ãåðìåòè÷íûõ ïëàñòèêîâûõ ïàêåòàõ èëè áóòûëêàõ) ñëåäóåò ïîìåñòèòü íà äíî
è ïî  áîêàì  êîíòåéíåðà,  âíóòðü  ïîëîæèòå  îáðàçöû,  à  ñâåðõó  îïÿòü
ïîëîæèòå õëàäîýëåìåíòû.
     Îáðàçöû ñûâîðîòêè ìîæíî òðàíñïîðòèðîâàòü  ïðè  òåìïåðàòóðå  2...8
ãðàä.Ñ  (íå  áîëåå  48  ÷àñîâ  ñ  ìîìåíòà  çàáîðà)  èëè â çàìîðîæåííîì
ñîñòîÿíèè (íå âûøå -20 ãðàä.Ñ),  èñïîëüçóÿ õëàäîýëåìåíòû,  îõëàæäåííûå
äî ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé òåìïåðàòóðû.
     Îáðàçöû äëÿ   âûäåëåíèÿ   âèðóñà   è   ýêñòðàêöèè    ÐÍÊ    ìîæíî
òðàíñïîðòèðîâàòü  ïðè  òåìïåðàòóðå  2...8  ãðàä.Ñ (íå áîëåå 48 ÷àñîâ ñ
ìîìåíòà   çàáîðà),    èñïîëüçóÿ    õëàäîýëåìåíòû,    îõëàæäåííûå    äî
ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé òåìïåðàòóðû,  èëè â çàìîðîæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè (-70 ãðàä.Ñ
â ñóõîì ëüäó â  ãåðìåòè÷íûõ  óêóïîðêàõ  âî  èçáåæàíèå  âîçäåéñòâèÿ  íà
îáðàçöû óãëåêèñëîòû).
     Ïîä   êðûøêó   êîíòåéíåðà  ïîìåñòèòå  ñîïðîâîäèòåëüíûå  äîêóìåíòû
(ïèñüìî  ñ  óêàçàíèåì  âèäà  è  êîëè÷åñòâà  îáðàçöîâ,  âðåìåíè  è äàòû
îòïðàâêè, íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà èññëåäîâàíèå).
     Íà    êîíòåéíåðå   îáÿçàòåëüíî   óêàæèòå   ïîäðîáíûå   êîîðäèíàòû
îòïðàâèòåëÿ è ïîëó÷àòåëÿ îáðàçöîâ, à òàêæå íåîáõîäèìûå ïðåäóïðåæäàþùèå
íàäïèñè  (ïðèëîæåíèå  3  -  íå  ïðèâîäèòñÿ).  Ìîæåò îêàçàòüñÿ ïîëåçíûì
ñäåëàòü ñëåäóþùóþ íàäïèñü "Õðàíèòü â õîëîäèëüíèêå".
     Ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîé  îòïðàâêå  çàìîðîæåííûõ  è õðàíÿùèõñÿ ïðè 2...8
ãðàä.Ñ îáðàçöîâ èñïîëüçóéòå îòäåëüíûå  êîíòåéíåðû  ñ  õëàäîýëåìåíòàìè,
îáåñïå÷èâàþùèìè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé òåìïåðàòóðíûé ðåæèì.

                              Çàêëþ÷åíèå

     Èíôîðìàöèîííîå   ïèñüìî  èçëàãàåò  ïðîöåäóðó  ñáîðà,  ïîäãîòîâêè,
òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè  è  õðàíåíèÿ  êëèíè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ èçîëÿöèè âèðóñà
êîðè  è  ÏÖÐ  è  ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî  äëÿ  ñïåöèàëèñòîâ îðãàíîâ è ó÷ðåæäåíèé
Ôåäåðàëüíîé  ñëóæáû  ïî  íàäçîðó  â  ñôåðå  çàùèòû ïðàâ ïîòðåáèòåëåé è
áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ  ÷åëîâåêà  ñ  öåëüþ îïòèìèçàöèè ðàáîòû â ðàìêàõ ïðîãðàììû
ëèêâèäàöèè  êîðè  íà  òåððèòîðèè  ÐÔ  ê  2010  ãîäó  (Ïðèêàç  Ìèíèñòðà
çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ ÐÔ N 270 îò 19.08.02).
     Èíôîðìàöèîííîå  ïèñüìî  ðàçðàáîòàíî  íà  îñíîâå  ðåêîìåíäàöèé ÂÎÇ
(1998,   2003)   ñ  ó÷åòîì  ñîâðåìåííûõ  äàííûõ  è  îïûòà  ñîòðóäíèêîâ
Íàöèîíàëüíîãî  íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî  öåíòðà  ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ (ÔÃÓÍ
"ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî").

                          Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû

     1. Rota, J.S., Hummel, K.B., Rota, P.A. and Bellini, W.J. (1992):
Genetic  variability  of  the  glycoprotein genes of current wild-type
measles isolates. Virology, 188, 135 - 142.
     2.  Rota  JS,  Heath  JL, Rota PA, King GE, Celma ML, Carabana J,
Fernandez-Munoz  R, Brown D, Jin L, Bellini WJ. Molecular epidemiology
of  measles  virus:  identification  of  pathways  of transmission and
implications   for  measles  elimination.  J  Infect  Dis.  1996  Jan;
173(1):32-7.
     3.  Bellini  WJ,  Rota PA. Genetic diversity of wild-type measles
viruses:  implications  for global measles elimination programs. Emerg
Infect Dis. 1998 Jan-Mar; 4(1):29-35.
     4.  Rota  PA,  Liffick  SL,  Rota JS, Katz RS, Redd S, Papania M,
Bellini  WJ.  Molecular  epidemiology of measles viruses in the United
States, 1997 - 2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep; 8(9):902-8.
     5.  Rota  PA,  Bellini  WJ.  Update on the global distribution of
genotypes of wild type measles viruses. J Infect Dis. 2003 May 15; 187
Suppl 1:S270-6.
     6.  Santibanez  S,  Heider A, Gerike E, Agafonov A, Schreier E. J
Med  Virol.  1999  Jul;  58(3):313-20.  Genotyping  of  measles  virus
isolates from central Europe and Russia.
     7.  Truong  AT,  Kreis S, Ammerlaan W, Hartter HK, Adu F, Omilabu
SA,   Oyefolu  ÀÎ,  Berbers  GA,  Muller  CP.  Virus  Res.  1999  Jul;
62(1):89-95. Genotypic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin
proteins of African measles virus isolates.
     8. Hanses F, van Binnendijk R, Ammerlaan W, Truong AT, de Rond L,
Schneider  F,  Muller  CP.  Genetic  variability  of  measles  viruses
circulating in the Benelux. Arch Virol. 2000; 145(3):541-51.
     9.  Mulders  MM,  Truong  AT,  Muller  CP.  Monitoring of measles
elimination  using  molecular  epidemiology.  Vaccine.  2001  Mar  21;
19(17-19):2245-9.
     10.  Truong  AT, Mulders MN, Gautam DC, Ammerlaan W, de Swart RL,
King  CC,  Osterhaus  AD, Muller CP. Genetic analysis of Asian measles
virus  strains-new  endemic  genotype  in  Nepal. Virus Res. 2001 Jul;
76(1):71-8.
     11.  WHO.  Update  of the nomenclature for describing the genetic
characteristics  of  wild-type  measles  viruses:  new  genotypes  and
reference strains. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2003 Jul 4; 78(27):229-32.
     12.  Þ.Í.  Æóðàâëåâà,  Ò.À. Ìàìàåâà, Ì.À. Íàóìîâà, Í.Ò. Òèõîíîâà,
Stephanie  L.  Liffik,  Paul A. Rota, William J. Bellini. Ãåíåòè÷åñêèé
àíàëèç  äèêèõ  øòàììîâ  âèðóñà êîðè, èçîëèðîâàííûõ â åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè
ÐÔ, Âîïð. âèðóñîë. N 48 (4), 2003, ñ. 29 - 35.
     13.  Ñ.Ã.  Ìàðêóøèí,  È.Á.  Êîïòÿåâà,  Ï. Ðîòà è äð. Ãåíåòè÷åñêàÿ
õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äèêèõ øòàììîâ âèðóñà êîðè, öèðêóëèðóþùèõ íà åâðîïåéñêîé
òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè. Âîïð. âèðóñîë. N 56, 2004, ñ. 12 - 15.


                                                          Ïðèëîæåíèå 1

               ÍÀÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÍÀ ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÎÅ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ

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| Ñòðàíà:          |Ýïèäíîìåð áîëüíîãî: |Äàòà: --/--/--                             |
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| Ô.È.Î. áîëüíîãî:                      |Ì                 |Æ                       |
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| Äàòà ðîæäåíèÿ: --/--/--               |                                           |
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| Àäðåñ:                                                                            |
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| Äàòà ïîâûøåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû: --/--/--                                              |
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| Äàòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñûïè: --/--/--                                                     |
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| Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé êëèíè÷åñêèé äèàãíîç:                                              |
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|        Îáðàçåö        |       Äàòà ñáîðà       | Äàòà îòïðàâêè                    |
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| Ô.È.Î. ñîòðóäíèêà, êîòîðîìó äîëæíû áûòü îòïðàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû                     |
| èññëåäîâàíèÿ                                                                      |
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| Àäðåñ:                                                                            |
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| Òåëåôîí:            |Ôàêñ:              |Ýëåêòðîííûé àäðåñ:                       |
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|      Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà                        |
|                       ïî íàäçîðó çà êîðüþ                                         |
|              (ÔÃÓÍ "ÌÍÈÈÝÌ èì. Ã.Í. Ãàáðè÷åâñêîãî"):                              |
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| Ô.È.Î. ñîòðóäíèêà ëàáîðàòîðèè, ïîëó÷èâøåãî ìàòåðèàë:                              |
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| Îáðàçåö | Äàòà     | Ñîñòîÿíèå| Äàòà   | Òèï |Ðåçóëüòàò|Ïðèìå÷àíèå | Äàòà ïåðåäà÷è|
| (N, òèï)| ïîëó÷åíèÿ| îáðàçöà: | àíàëèçà|òåñòà| àíàëèçà |           | ðåçóëüòàòà   |
|         |          |          |        |     |         |           |              |
|---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------|
|---------|----------|----------|--------|-----|---------|-----------|--------------|
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     Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñîñòîÿíèå îáðàçöà îöåíèâàåòñÿ ïî ñëåäóþùèì êðèòåðèÿì:
     1) òåìïåðàòóðà íà ìîìåíò äîñòàâêè (ñîáëþäåíèå õîëîäîâîé öåïè);
     2) îáúåì;
     3) ãåðìåòè÷íîñòü óêóïîðêè;
     4) çàïàõ;
     5) öâåò;
     6) ñðîêè âçÿòèÿ;
     7) ñðîêè äîñòàâêè.

     Ñîñòîÿíèå   îáðàçöà   ïðèçíàåòñÿ   óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíûì,   åñëè  ïî
ñîâîêóïíîé   îöåíêå  ïî  âûøåïåðå÷èñëåííûì  êðèòåðèÿì  îí  ìîæåò  áûòü
èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿ ëàáîðàòîðíîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ.
         ñëó÷àå    íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîãî    ñîñòîÿíèÿ   îáðàçöà   äëÿ
ëàáîðàòîðíîãî   èññëåäîâàíèÿ   îí  íå  èñïîëüçóåòñÿ,  î  ÷åì  äåëàåòñÿ
ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ îòìåòêà â "Íàïðàâëåíèè íà ëàáîðàòîðíîå èññëåäîâàíèå" ñ
îáÿçàòåëüíûì   èçâåùåíèåì   ñîòðóäíèêà,   íàïðàâèâøåãî   ìàòåðèàë  äëÿ
èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Âñå çàìå÷àíèÿ íåîáõîäèìî âíåñòè â ãðàôó "Ïðèìå÷àíèå".


                                                          Ïðèëîæåíèå 2

               ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÀß ÑÐÅÄÀ ÄËß ÂÛÄÅËÅÍÈß ÂÈÐÓÑÎÂ

     Ñîñòàâ:
     - îñíîâíîé ðàñòâîð Õåíêñà ðÍ 7,4 ñ ÕÅÏÅÑ áóôåðîì;
     - áû÷èé ñûâîðîòî÷íûé àëüáóìèí;
     - ðàñòâîð àíòèáèîòèêîâ;
     - 0,4% ðàñòâîð ôåíîëîâîãî êðàñíîãî.
     Ðàñòâîðèòå  2,0  ã  áû÷üåãî  ñûâîðîòî÷íîãî  àëüáóìèíà  â  100  ìë
äèñòèëëèðîâàííîé  âîäû.  Äîáàâüòå  ê 80 ìë äèñòèëëèðîâàííîé âîäû 10 ìë
ðàñòâîðà   Õåíêñà,   çàòåì   äîáàâüòå  10  ìë  0,2%  ðàñòâîðà  áû÷üåãî
ñûâîðîòî÷íîãî  àëüáóìèíà  (ñì.  âûøå)  è  0,2  ìë  ðàñòâîðà ôåíîëîâîãî
êðàñíîãî.   Ñòåðèëèçóéòå   ôèëüòðîâàíèåì.   Äîáàâüòå   1  ìë  ðàñòâîðà
àíòèáèîòèêîâ.
     Ðàñòâîð àíòèáèîòèêîâ:
                  6
     Ðàñòâîðèòå 10  ÅÄ ïåíèöèëëèíà è  1,0  ã  ñòðåïòîìèöèíà  â  100 ìë
ñòåðèëüíîãî ôîñôàòíîãî áóôåðíîãî ðàñòâîðà. Ðàçëåéòå âî ôëàêîíû ïî 5 ìë
è õðàíèòå ïðè -20 ãðàä.Ñ.  Äîáàâëåíèå 1 ìë ýòîãî  ðàñòâîðà  ê  100  ìë
ïèòàòåëüíîé  ñðåäû  ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü ðàáî÷èé ðàñòâîð ñ îêîí÷àòåëüíîé
êîíöåíòðàöèåé 100 ÅÄ ïåíèöèëëèíà  è  100  ìêã  ñòðåïòîìèöèíà  â  1  ìë
ðàñòâîðà.
     Ïðèìå÷àíèå:  ïðè îòñóòñòâèè òðàíñïîðòíîé ñðåäû ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü
ïèòàòåëüíóþ ñðåäó äëÿ êóëüòóð êëåòîê (RPMI, ÈÃËÀ è äð.).