Overview how to fill out a deposit slip for a check.
Страницы: 1 2
Должны быть приняты во внимание существенные неблагоприятные
воздействия на окружающую среду, как упомянуто в статьях 12 и 13
Директивы, которые могут произойти, в случае, когда анализ пробы
подземных вод показывает значительное изменение в качестве воды.
Уровень допустимых воздействий должен быть определен, принимая во
внимание специфические гидрогеологические условия в месте расположения
полигона и качество подземных вод. Уровень допустимых воздействий
должен быть установлен в разрешающем документе всегда, когда это
возможно.
Наблюдения должны быть оценены посредством диаграмм контроля по
установленным правилам контроля и уровням для каждого градиента
напора. Уровни контроля должны быть определены в зависимости от
местных условий изменения качества подземных вод.
5. ТОПОГРАФИЯ УЧАСТКА: ДАННЫЕ О ТЕЛЕ ПОЛИГОНА
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| |Стадия эксплуатации|Стадия рекультивации|
|------------------------|-------------------|--------------------|
| 5.1. Структура и |Ежегодно | - |
| состав тела полигона | | |
| <*> | | |
|------------------------|-------------------|--------------------|
| 5.2. Регулирование |Ежегодно |Ежегодно |
| поведения уровня тела | | |
| полигона | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
<*> Данные для планирования состояния полигона; поверхность,
занятая отходами, объем и состав отходов, методы захоронения, время и
продолжительность захоронения, расчет вместимости полигона.
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE No. 1999/31/EC
ON THE LANDFILL OF WASTE
(Luxembourg, 26.IV.1999)
The Council of the European Union,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
and in particular Article 130s (1) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission <*>,
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 156, 24.5.1997, p. 10.
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee
<*>,
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 355, 21.11.1997, p. 4.
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189c
of the Treaty <*>,
--------------------------------
<*> Opinion of the European Parliament of 19 February 1998 (OJ С
80, 16.3.1998, p. 196), Council common position of 4 June 1998 (OJ С
333, 30.10.1998, p. 15) and Decision of the European Parliament of 3
February 1999 (OJ С 150, 28.5.1999, p. 78)
(1) Whereas the Council resolution of 7 May 1990 <*> on waste
policy welcomes and supports the Community strategy document and
invites the Commission to propose criteria and standards for the
disposal of waste by landfill;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ C 122, 18.5.1990, p. 2.
(2) Whereas the Council resolution of 9 December 1996 on waste
policy considers that, in the future, only safe and controlled
landfill activities should be carried out throughout the Community;
(3) Whereas the prevention, recycling and recovery of waste
should be encouraged as should the use of recovered materials and
energy so as to safeguard natural resources and obviate wasteful use
of land;
(4) Whereas further consideration should be given to the issues
of incineration of municipal and non-hazardous waste, composting,
biomethanisation, and the processing of dredging sludges;
(5) Whereas under the polluter pays principle it is necessary,
inter alia, to take into account any damage to the environment
produced by a landfill;
(6) Whereas, like any other type of waste treatment, landfill
should be adequately monitored and managed to prevent or reduce
potential adverse effects on the environment and risks to human
health;
(7) Whereas it is necessary to take appropriate measures to avoid
the abandonment, dumping or uncontrolled disposal of waste; whereas,
accordingly, it must be possible to monitor landfill sites with
respect to the substances contained in the waste deposited there,
whereas such substances should, as far as possible, react only in
foreseeable ways;
(8) Whereas both the quantity and hazardous nature of waste
intended for landfill should be reduced where appropriate; whereas the
handling of waste should be facilitated and its recovery enhanced;
whereas the use of treatment processes should therefore be encouraged
to ensure that landfill is compatible with the objectives of this
Directive; whereas sorting is included in the definition of treatment;
(9) Whereas Member States should be able to apply the principles
of proximity and self-sufficiency for the elimination of their waste
at Community and national level, in accordance with Council Directive
75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste <*> whereas the objectives of this
Directive must be pursued and clarified through the establishment of
an adequate, integrated network of disposal plants based on a high
level of environmental protection;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39. Directive as last amended by
Commission Decision 96/350/EC (OJ L 135, 6.6.1996, p. 32).
(10) Whereas disparities between technical standards for the
disposal of waste by landfill and the lower costs associated with it
might give rise to increased disposal of waste in facilities with low
standards of environmental protection and thus create a potentially
serious threat to the environment, owing to transport of waste over
unnecessarily long distances as well as to inappropriate disposal
practices;
(11) Whereas it is therefore necessary to lay down technical
standards for the landfill of waste at Community level in order to
protect, preserve and improve the quality of the environment in the
Community;
(12) Whereas it is necessary to indicate clearly the requirements
with which landfill sites must comply as regards location,
conditioning, management, control, closure and preventive and
protective measures to be taken against any threat to the environment
in the short as well as in the long-term perspective, and more
especially against the pollution of groundwater by leachate
infiltration into the soil;
(13) Whereas in view of the foregoing it is necessary to define
clearly the classes of landfill to be considered and the types of
waste to be accepted in the various classes of landfill;
(14) Whereas sites for temporary storage of waste should comply
with the relevant requirements of Directive 75/442/EEC;
(15) Whereas the recovery, in accordance with Directive 75/
442/EEC, of inert or non-hazardous waste which is suitable, through
their use in redevelopment/restoration and filling-in work, or for
construction purposes may not constitute a landfilling activity;
(16) Whereas measures should be taken to reduce the production of
methane gas from landfills, inter alia, in order to reduce global
warming, through the reduction of the landfill of biodegradable waste
and the requirements to introduce landfill gas control;
(17) Whereas the measures taken to reduce the landfill of
biodegradable waste should also aim at encouraging the separate
collection of biodegradable waste, sorting in general, recovery and
recycling;
(18) Whereas, because of the particular features of the landfill
method of waste disposal, it is necessary to introduce a specific
permit procedure for all classes of landfill in accordance with the
general licensing requirements already set down in Directive
75/442/EEC and the general requirements of Directive 96/61/EC
concerning integrated pollution prevention and control <*> whereas the
landfill site`s compliance with such a permit must be verified in the
course of an inspection by the competent authority before the start of
disposal operations;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 257, 10.10.1996, p. 26.
(19) Whereas, in each case, checks should be made to establish
whether the waste may be placed in the landfill for which it is
intended, in particular as regards hazardous waste;
(20) Whereas, in order to prevent threats to the environment, it
is necessary to introduce a uniform waste acceptance procedure on the
basis of a classification procedure for waste acceptable in the
different categories of landfill, including in particular standardised
limit values; whereas to that end a consistent and standardised system
of waste characterisation, sampling and analysis must be established
in time to facilitate implementation of this Directive; whereas the
acceptance criteria must be particularly specific with regard to inert
waste;
(21) Whereas, pending the establishment of such methods of
analysis or of the limit values necessary for characterisation, Member
States may for the purposes of this Directive maintain or draw up
national lists of waste which is acceptable or unacceptable for
landfill, or define criteria, including limit values, similar to those
laid down in this Directive for the uniform acceptance procedure;
(22) Whereas for certain hazardous waste to be accepted in
landfills for non-hazardous waste acceptance criteria should be
developed by the technical committee;
(23) Whereas it is necessary to establish common monitoring
procedures during the operation and after-care phases of a landfill in
order to indentify any possible adverse environmental effect of the
landfill and take the appropriate corrective measures;
(24) Whereas it is necessary to define when and how a landfill
should be closed and the obligations and responsibility of the
operator on the site during the after-care period;
(25) Whereas landfill sites that have been closed prior to the
date of transposition of this Directive should not be subject to its
provisions on closure procedure;
(26) Whereas the future conditions of operation of existing
landfills should be regulated in order to take the necessary measures,
within a specified period of time, for their adaptation to this
Directive on the basis of a site-conditioning plan;
(27) Whereas for operators of existing landfills having, in
compliance with binding national rules equivalent to those of Article
14 of this Directive, already submitted the documentation referred to
in Article 14 (a) of this Directive prior to its entry into force and
for which the competent authority authorised the continuation of their
operation, there is no need to resubmit this documentation nor for the
competent authority to deliver a new authorisation;
(28) Whereas the operator should make adequate provision by way
of a financial security or any other equivalent to ensure that all the
obligations flowing from the permit are fulfilled, including those
relating to the closure procedure and after-care of the site;
(29) Whereas measures should be taken to ensure that the price
charged for waste disposal in a landfill cover all the costs involved
in the setting up and operation of the facility, including as far as
possible the financial security or its equivalent which the site
operator must provide, and the estimated cost of closing the site
including the necessary after-care;
(30) Whereas, when a competent authority considers that a
landfill is unlikely to cause a hazard to the environment for longer
than a certain period, the estimated costs to be included in the price
to be charged by an operator may be limited to that period;
(31) Whereas it is necessary to ensure the proper application of
the provisions implementing this Directive throughout the Community,
and to ensure that the training and knowledge acquired by landfill
operators and staff afford them the necessary skills;
(32) Whereas the Commission must establish a standard procedure
for the acceptance of waste and set up a standard classification of
waste acceptable in a landfill in accordance with the committee
procedure laid down in Article 18 of Directive 75/442/EEC;
(33) Whereas adaptation of the Annexes to this Directive to
scientific and technical progress and the standardisation of the
monitoring, sampling and analysis methods must be adopted under the
same committee procedure;
(34) Whereas the Member States must send regular reports to the
Commission on the implementation of this Directive paying particular
attention to the national strategies to be set up in pursuance of
Article 5; whereas on the basis of these reports the Commission shall
report to the European Parliament and the Council;
has adopted this Directive
Article 1
Overall objective
1. With a view to meeting the requirements of Directive
75/442/EEC, and in particular Articles 3 and 4 thereof, the aim of
this Directive is, by way of stringent operational and technical
requirements on the waste and landfills, to provide for measures,
procedures and guidance to prevent or reduce as far as possible
negative effects on the environment, in particular the pollution of
surface water, groundwater, soil and air, and on the global
environment, including the greenhouse effect, as well as any resulting
risk to human health, from landfilling of waste, during the whole
life-cycle of the landfill.
2. In respect of the technical characteristics of landfills, this
Directive contains, for those landfills to which Directive 96/61/EC is
applicable, the relevant technical requirements in order to elaborate
in concrete terms the general requirements of that Directive. The
relevant requirements of Directive 96/61/EC shall be deemed to be
fulfilled if the requirements of this Directive are complied with.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive:
(a) "waste" means any substance or object which is covered by
Directive 75/442/EEC;
(b) "municipal waste" means waste from households, as well as
other waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to
waste from household;
(c) "hazardous waste" means any waste which is covered by Article
1 (4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous
waste <*>
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 20. Directive as last amended by
Directive 94/31/EC (OJ L 168, 2.7.1994, p. 28);
(d) "non-hazardous waste" means waste which is not covered by
paragraph (c);
(e) "inert waste" means waste that does not undergo any
significant physical, chemical or biological transformations. Inert
waste will not dissolve, burn or otherwise physically or chemically
react, biodegrade or adversely affect other matter with which it comes
into contact in a way likely to give rise to environmental pollution
or harm human health. The total leachability and pollutant content of
the waste and the ecotoxicity of the leachate must be insignificant,
and in particular not endanger the quality of surface water and/or
groundwater;
(f) "underground storage" means a permanent waste storage
facility in a deep geological cavity such as a salt or potassium mine;
(g) "landfill" means a waste disposal site for the deposit of the
waste onto or into land (i.e. underground), including:
- internal waste disposal sites (i.e. landfill where a producer
of waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of
production), and
- a permanent site (i.e. more than one year) which is used for
temporary storage of waste,
but excluding:
- facilities where waste is unloaded in order to permit its
preparation for further transport for recovery, treatment or dispsal
elsewhere, and
- stoarage of waste prior to recovery or treatment for a period
less than three years as a general rule, or
- storage of waste prior to disposal for a period less than one
year;
(h) "treatment" means the physical, thermal, chemical or
biological processes, including sorting, that change the
characteristics of the waste in order to reduce its volume or
hazardous nature, facilitate its handling or enhance recovery;
(i) "leachate" means any liquid percolating through the deposited
waste and emitted from or contained within a landfill;
(j) "landfill gas" means all the gases generated from the
landfilled waste;
(k) "eluate" means the solution obtained by a laboratory leaching
test;
(l) "operator" means the natural or legal person responsible for
a landfill in accordance with the internal legislation of the Member
State where the landfill is located; this person may change from the
preparation to the after-care phase;
(m) "biodegradable waste" means any waste that is capable of
undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden
waste, and paper and paperboard;
(n) "holder" means the producer of the waste or the natural or
legal person who is in possession of it;
(o) "applicant" means any person who applies for a landfill
permit under this Directive;
(p) "competent authority" means that authority which the Member
States designate as responsible for performing the duties arising from
this Directive;
(q) "liquid waste" means any waste in liquid form including waste
waters but excluding sludge;
(r) "isolated settlement" means a settlement:
- with no more than 500 inhabitants per municipality or
settlement and no more than five inhabitants per square kilometre and,
- where the distance to the nearest urban agglomeration with at
least 250 inhabitants per square kilometre is not less than 50 km, or
with difficult access by road to those nearest agglomerations, due to
harsh meteorological conditions during a significant part of the year.
Article 3
Scope
1. Member States shall apply this Directive to any landfill as
defined in Article 2 (g).
2. Without prejudice to existing Community legislation, the
following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive:
- the spreading of sludges, including sewage sludges, and sludges
resulting from dredging operations, and similar matter on the soil for
the purposes of fertilisation or improvement,
- the use of inert waste which is suitable, in redevelopment/
restoration and filling-in work, or for construction purposes, in
landfills,
- the deposit of non-hazardous dredging sludges alongside small
waterways from where they have been dredged out and of non-hazardous
sludges in surface water including the bed and its sub soil,
- the deposit of unpolluted soil or of non-hazardous inert waste
resulting from prospecting and extraction, treatment, and storage of
mineral resources as well as from the operation of quarries.
3. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare at their own option, that the deposit of non-hazardous waste,
to be defined by the committee established under Article 17 of this
Directive, other than inert waste, resulting from prospecting and
extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources as well as from
the operation of quarries and which are deposited in a manner
preventing environmental pollution or harm to human health, can be
exempted from the provisions in Annex I, points 2, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 of
this Directive.
4. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare, at their own option, parts or all of Articles 6 (d), 7 (i), 8
(a) (iv), 10, 11 (1) (a), (b) and (c), 12 (a) and (c), Annex I, points
3 and 4, Annex II (except point 3, level 3, and point 4) and Annex
III, points 3 to 5 to this Directive not applicable to:
(a) landfill sites for non-hazardous or inert wastes with a total
capacity not exceeding 15000 tonnes or with an annual intake not
exceeding 1000 tonnes serving islands, where this is the only landfill
on the island and where this is exclusively destined for the disposal
of waste generated on that island. Once the total capacity of that
landfill has been used, any new landfill site established on the
island shall comply with the requirements of this Directive;
(b) landfill sites for non-hazardous or inert waste in isolated
settlements if the landfill site is destined for the disposal of waste
generated only by that isolated settlement.
Not later than two years after the date laid down in Article 18
(1), Member States shall notify the Commission of the list of islands
and isolated settlements that are exempted. The Commission shall
publish the list of islands and isolated settlements.
5. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare, at their own option, that underground storage as defined in
Article 2 (f) of this Directive can be exempted from the provisions in
Article 13 (d) and in Annex I, point 2, except first indent, points 3
to 5 and in Annex III, points 2, 3 and 5 to this Directive.
Article 4
Classes of landfill
Each landfill shall be classified in one of the following
classes:
- landfill for hazardous waste,
- landfill for non-hazardous waste,
- landfill for inert waste.
Article 5
Waste and treatment not acceptable in landfills
1. Member States shall set up a national strategy for the
implementation of the reduction of biodegradable waste going to
landfills, not later than two years after the date laid down in
Article 18 (1) and notify the Commission of this strategy. This
strategy should include measures to achieve the targets set out in
paragraph 2 by means of in particular, recycling, composting, biogas
production or materials/energy recovery. Within 30 months of the date
laid down in Article 18 (1) the Commission shall provide the European
Parliament and the Council with a report drawing together the national
strategies.
2. This strategy shall ensure that:
(a) not later than five years after the date laid down in Article
18 (1), biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be
reduced to 75% of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995 or the latest year before 1995 for
which standardised Eurostat data is available
(b) not later than eight years after the date laid down in
Article 18 (1), biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must
be reduced to 50% of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995 or the latest year before 1995 for
which stadardised Eurostat data is available;
(c) not later than 15 years after the date laid down in Article
18 (1), biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be
reduced to 35% of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995 or the lates year before 1995 for
which standardised Eurostat data is available.
Two years before the date referred to in paragraph (c) the
Council shall reexamine the above target, on the basis of a report
from the Commission on the practical experience gained by Member
States in the pursuance of the targets laid down in paragraphs (a) and
(b) accompanied, if appropriate, by a proposal with a view to
confirming or amending this target in order to ensure a high level of
environmental protection.
Member States which in 1995 or the latest year before 1995 for
which standardised EUROSTAT data is available put more than 80% of
their collected municipal waste to landfill may postpone the
attainment of the targets set out in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) by a
period not exceeding four years. Member States intending to make use
of this provision shall inform in advance the Commission of their
decision. The Commission shall inform other Member States and the
European Parliament of these decisions.
The implementation of the provisions set out in the preceding
subparagraph may in no circumstances lead to the attainment of the
target set out in paragraph (c) at a date later than four years after
the date set out in paragraph (c).
3. Member States shall take measures in order that the following
wastes are not accepted in a landfill:
(a) liquid waste;
(b) waste which, in the conditions of landfill, is explosive,
corrosive, oxidising, highly flammable or flammable, as defined in
Annex III to Directive 91/689/EEC;
(c) hospital and other clinical wastes arising from medical or
veterinary establishments, which are infectious as defined (property
H9 in Annex III) by Directive 91/689/EEC and waste falling within
category 14 (Annex I.A) of that Directive.
(d) whole used tyres from two years from the date laid down in
Article 18 (1), excluding tyres used as engineering material, and
shredded used tyres five years from the date laid down in Article 18
(1) (excluding in both instances bicylce tyres and tyres with an
outside diameter above 1400 mm);
(e) any other type of waste which does not fulfil the acceptance
criteria determined in accordance with Annex II.
4. The dilution of mixture of waste solely in order to meet the
waste acceptance criteria is prohibited.
Article 6
Waste to be accepted in the different classes of landfill
Member States shall take measures in order that:
(a) only waste that has been subject to treatment is landfilled.
This provision may not apply to inert waste for which treatment is not
technically feasible, nor to any other waste for which such treatment
does not contribute to the objectives of this Directive, as set out in
Article 1, by reducing the quantity of the waste or the hazards to
human health or the environment;
(b) only hazardous waste that fulfils the criteria set out in
accordance with Annex II is assigned to a hazardous landfill;
(c) landfill for non-hazardous waste may be used for:
(i) municipal waste;
(ii) non-hazardous waste of any other origin, which fulfil the
criteria for the acceptance of waste at landfill for non-hazardous
waste set out in accordance with Annex II;
(iii) stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes (e.g. solidified,
vitrified), with leaching behaviour equivalent to those of the
non-hazardous wastes referred to in point (ii), which fulfil the
relevant acceptance criteria set out in accordance with Annex II.
These hazarouds wastes shall not be deposited in cells destined for
biodegradable non-hazardous waste,
(d) inert waste landfill sites shall be used only for inert
waste.
Article 7
Application for a permit
Member States shall take measures in order that the application
for a landfill permit must contain at least particulars of the
following:
(a) the identity of the applicant and of the operator when they
are different entities;
(b) the description of the types and total quantity of waste to
be deposited;
(c) the proposed capacity of the disposal site;
(d) the description of the site, including its hydrogeological
and geological characteristics;
(e) the proposed methods for pollution prevention and abatement;
(f) the proposed operation, monitoring and control plan;
(g) the proposed plan for the closure and after-care procedures;
(h) where an impact assessment is required under Council
Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects
of certain public and private projects on the environment <*>, the
information provided by the developer in accordance with Article 5 of
that Directive;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 175, 5.7.1985, p. 40. Directive as amended by Directive
97/11/EC (OJ L 73, 14.3.1997, p. 5).
(i) the financial security by the applicant, or any other
equivalent provision, as required under Article 8 (a) (iv) of this
Directive.
Following a successful application for a permit, this information
shall be made available to the competent national and Community
statistical authorities when requested for statistical purposes.
Article 8
Conditions of the permit
Member States shall take measures in order that:
(a) the competent authority does not issue a landfill permit
unless it is satisfied that:
(i) without prejudice to Article 3 (4) and (5), the landfill
project complies with all the relevant requirements of this Directive,
including the Annexes;
(ii) the management of the landfill site will be in the hands of
a natural person who is technically competent to manage the site;
professional and technical development and training of landfill
operators and staff are provided;
(iii) the landfill shall be operated in such a manner that the
necessary measures are taken to prevent accidents and limit their
consequences;
(iv) adequate provisions, by way of a financial security or any
other equivalent, on the basis of modalities to be decided by Member
States, has been or will be made by the applicant prior to the
commencement of disposal operations to ensure that the obligations
(including after-care provisions) arising under the permit issued
under the provisions of this Directive are discharged and that the
closure procedures required by Article 13 are followed. This security
or its equivalent shall be kept as long as required by maintenance and
after-care operation of the site in accordance with Article 13 (d).
Member States may declare, at their own option, that this point does
not apply to landfills for inert waste;
(b) the landfill project is in line with the relevant waste
management plan or plans referred to in Article 7 of Directive
75/442/EEC;
(c) prior to the commencement of disposal operations, the
competent authority shall inspect the site in order to ensure that it
complies with the relevant conditions of the permit. This will not
reduce in any way the responsibility of the operator under the
conditions of the permit.
Article 9
Content of the permit
Specifying and supplementing the provisions set out in Article 9
of Directive 75/442/EEC and Article 9 of Directive 96/61/EC, the
landfill permit shall state at least the following:
(a) the class of the landfill;
(b) the list of defined types and the total quantity of waste
which are authorised to be deposited in the landfill;
(c) requirements for the landfill preparations, landfilling
operations and monitoring and control procedures, including
contingency plans (Annex III, point 4.B), as well as provisional
requirements for the closure and after-care operations;
(d) the obligation on the applicant to report at least annually
to the competent authority on the types and quantities of waste
disposed of and on the results of the monitoring programme as required
in Articles 12 and 13 and Annex III.
Article 10
Cost of the landfill of waste
Member States shall take measures to ensure that all of the costs
involved in the setting up and operation of a landfill site, including
as far as possible the cost of the financial security or its
equivalent referred to in Article 8 (a) (iv), and the estimated costs
of the closure and after-care of the site for a period of at least 30
years shall be covered by the price to be charged by the operator for
the disposal of any type of waste in that site. Subject to the
requirements of Council Directive 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the
freedom of access to information on the environment <*> Member States
shall ensure transparency in the collection and use of any necessary
cost information.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 158, 23.6.1990, p. 56.
Article 11
Waste acceptance procedures
1. Member States shall take measures in order that prior to
accepting the waste at the landfill site:
(a) before or at the time of delivery, or of the first in a
series of deliveries, provided the type of waste remains unchanged,
the holder or the operator can show, by means of the appropraite
documentation, that the waste in question can be accepted at that site
according to the conditions set in the permit, and that it fulfils the
acceptance criteria set out in Annex II;
(b) the following reception procedures are respected by the
operator:
- checking of the waste documentation, including those documents
required by Article 5 (3) of Directive 91/689/EEC and, where they
apply, those required by Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1
February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste
within, into and out of the European Community <*>;
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 30, 6.2.1993, p. 1. Regulation as amended by Regulation
(EC) No 120/97 (OJ L 22, 24.1.1997, p. 14).
- visual inspection of the waste at the entrance and at the point
of deposit and, as appropriate, verification of conformity with the
description provided in the documentation submitted by the holder. If
representative samples have to be taken in order to implement Annex
II, point 3, level 3, the results of the analyses shall be kept and
the sampling shall be made in conformity with Annex II, point 5. These
samples shall be kept at least one month;
- keeping a register of the quantities and characteristics of the
waste deposited, indicating origin, date of delivery, identity of the
producer or collector in the case of municipal waste, and, in the case
of hazardous waste, the precise location on the site. This information
shall be made available to the competent national and Community
statistical authorities when requested for statistical purposes;
(c) the operator of the landfill shall always provide written
acknowledgement of receipt of each delivery acepted on the site;
(d) without prejudice to the provisions of Regulation (EEC) No.
259/93, if waste is not accepted at a landfill the operator shall
notify without delay the competent authority of the non-acceptance of
the waste.
2. For landfill sites which have been exempted from provisions of
this Directive by virtue of Article 3 (4) and (5), Member States shall
take the necessary measures to provide for:
- regular visual inspection of the waste at the point of deposit
in order to ensure that only non-hazardous waste from the island or
the isolated settlement is accepted at the site; and
- a register on the quantities of waste that are deposited at the
site be kept.
Member States shall ensure that information on the quantities
and, where possible, the type of waste going to such exempted sites
forms part of the regular reports to the Commission on the
implementation of the Directive.
Article 12
Control and monitoring procedures in the operational phase
Member States shall take measures in order that control and
monitoring procedures in the operational phase meet at least the
following requirements:
(a) the operator of a landfill shall carry out during the
operational phase a control and monitoring programme as specified in
Annex III;
(b) the operator shall notify the competent authority of any
significant adverse environmental effects revealed by the control and
monitoring procedures and follow the decision of the competent
authority on the nature and timing of the corrective measures to be
taken. These measures shall be undertaken at the expense of the
operator.
At a frequency to be determined by the competent authority, and
in any event at least once a year, the operator shall report, on the
basis of aggregated data, all monitoring results to the competent
authorities for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with permit
conditions and increasing the knowledge on waste behaviour in the
landfills;
(c) the quality control of the analytical operations of the
control and monitoring procedures and/or of the analyses referred to
in Article 11 (1) (b) are carried out by competent laboratories.
Article 13
Closure and after-care procedures
Member States shall take measures in order that, in accordance,
where appropriate, with the permit:
(a) a landfill or part of it shall start the closure procedure:
(i) when the relevant conditions stated in the permit are met; or
(ii) under the authorisation of the competent authority, at the
request of the operator; or
(iii) by reasoned decision of the competent authority;
(b) a landfill or part of it may only be considered as definitely
closed after the competent authority has carried out a final on-site
inspection, has assessed all the reports submitted by the operator and
has communicated to the operator its approval for the closure. This
shall not in any way reduce the responsibility of the operator under
the conditions of the permit;
(c) after a landfill has been definitely closed, the operator
shall be responsible for its maintenance, monitoring and control in
the after-care phase for as long as may be required by the competent
authority, taking into account the time during which the landfill
could present hazards.
The operator shall notify the competent authority of any
significant adverse environmental effects revealed by the control
procedures and shall follow the decision of the competent authority on
the nature and timing of the corrective measures to be taken;
(d) for as long as the competent authority considers that a
landfill is likely to cause a hazard to the environment and without
prejudice to any Community or national legislation as regards
liability of the waste holder, the operator of the site shall be
responsible for monitoring and analysing landfill gas and leachate
from the site and the groundwater regime in the vicinity of the site
in accordance with Annex III.
Article 14
Existing landfill sites
Member States shall take measures in order that landfills which
have been granted a permit, or which are already in operation at the
time of transposition of this Directive, may not continue to operate
unless the steps outlined below are accomplished as soon as possible
and within eight years after the date laid down in Article 18 (1) at
the latest:
(a) with a period of one year after the date laid down in Article
18 (1), the operator of a landfill shall prepare and present to the
competent authorities, for their approval, a conditioning plan for the
site including the particulars listed in Article 8 and any corrective
measures which the operator considers will be needed in order to
comply with the requirements of this Directive with the exception of
the requirements in Annex I, point 1;
(b) following the presentation of the conditioning plan, the
competent authorities shall take a definite decision on whether
operations may continue on the basis of the said conditioning plan and
this Directive. Member States shall take the necessary measures to
close down as soon as possible, in accordance with Article 7 (g) and
13, sites which have not been granted, in accordance with Article 8, a
permit to continue to operate;
(c) on the basis of the approved site-conditioning plan, the
competent authority shall authorise the necessary work and shall lay
down a transitional period for the completion of the plan. Any
existing landfill shall comply with the requirements of this Directive
with the exception of the requirements in Annex I, point 1 within
eight years after the date laid down in Article 18 (1);
(d) (i) within one year after the date laid down in Article 18
(1), Articles 4, 5, and 11 and Annex II shall apply to landfills for
hazardous waste;
(ii) within three years after the date laid down in Article 18
(1), Article 6 shall apply to landfills for hazardous waste.
Article 15
Obligation to report
At intervals of three years Member States shall send to the
Commission a report on the implementation of this Directive, paying
particular attention to the national strategies to be set up in
pursuance of Article 5. The report shall be drawn up on the basis of a
questionnaire or outline drafted by the Commission in accordance with
the procedure laid down in Article 6 of Directive 91/692/EEC <*>. The
questionnaire or outline shall be sent to Member States six months
before the start of the period covered by the report. The report shall
be sent to the Commission within nine months of the end of the
three-year period covered by it.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48.
The Commission shall publish a Community report on the
implementation of this Directive within nine months of receiving the
reports from the Member States.
Article 16
Committee
Any amendments necessary for adapting the Annexes to this
Directive to scientific and technical progress and any proposals for
the standardisation of control, sampling and analysis methods in
relation to the landfill of waste shall be adopted by the Commission,
assisted by the Committee established by Article 18 of Directive
75/442/EEC and in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 17
of this Directive. Any amendments to the Annexes shall only be made in
line with the principles laid down in this Directive as expressed in
the Annexes. To this end, as regards Annex II, the following shall be
observed by the Committee: taking into account the general principles
and general procedures for testing and acceptance criteria as set out
in Annex II, specific criteria and/or test methods and associated
limit values should be set for each class of landfill, including if
necessary specific types of landfill within each class, including
underground storage. Proposals for the standardisation of control,
sampling and analysis methods in relation to the Annexes of this
Directive shall be adopted by the Commission, assisted by the
Committee, within two years after the entry into force of this
Directive.
The Commission, assisted by the Committee, will adopt provisions
for the harmonisation and regular transmission of the statistical date
referred to in Articles 5, 7 and 11 of this Directive, within two
years after the entry into force of this Directive, and for the
amendments of such provisions when necessary.
Article 17
Committee procedure
The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee composed of the
representatives of the Member States and chaired by the representative
of the Commission.
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the
Committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The Committee shall
deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the
chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The
opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148
(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is
required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the
representatives of the Member States within the Committee shall be
weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not
vote.
The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they are in
accordance with the opinion of the Committee.
If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the opinion
of the Committee, or if no opinion is delivered, the Commission shall,
without delay, submit to the Council a proposal relating to the
measures to be taken. The Council shall act by a qualified majority.
If on the expiry of a period of three months from the date of
referral to the Council, the Council has not acted, the proposed
measures shall be adopted by the Commission.
Article 18
Transposition
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not
later than two years after its entry into force. They shall forthwith
inform the Commission thereof.
When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a
reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference
on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making
such a reference shall be laid down by Member States.
2. Member States shall communicate the texts of the provisions of
national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive
to the Commission.
Article 19
Entry into force
This Directive will enter into force on the day of its
publication in the Official journal of the European Communities.
Article 20
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Luxembourg, 26 April 1999.
For the Council
The President
J.FISCHER
Annex I
GENERAL REGUIREMENTS
FOR ALL CLASSES OF LANDFILLS
1. Location
1.1. The location of a landfill must take into consideration
requirements relating to:
(a) the distances from the boundary of the site to residential
and recreation areas, waterways, water bodies and other agricultural
or urban sites;
(b) the existence of groundwater, coastal water or nature
protection zones in the area;
(c) the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the area;
(d) the risk of flooding, subsidence, landslides or avalanches on
the site;
(e) the protection of the nature or cultural patrimony in the
area.
1.2. The landfill can be authorised only if the characteristics
of the site with respect to the abovementioned requirements, or the
corrective measures to be taken, indicate that the landfill does not
pose a serious environmental risk.
2. Water control and leachate management
Appropriate measures shall be taken, with respect to the
characteristics of the landfill and the meteorological conditions, in
order to:
- control water from precipitations entering into the landfill
body,
- prevent surface water and/or groundwater from entering into the
landfilled waste,
- collect contaminated water and leachate. If an assessment based
on consideration of the location of the landfill and the waste to be
accepted shows that the landfill poses no potential hazard to the
environment, the competent authority may decide that this provision
does not apply,
- treat contaminated water and leachate collected from the
landfill to the appropriate standard required for their discharge.
The above provisions may not apply to landfills for inert waste.
3. Protection of soil and water
3.1. A landfill must be situated and designed so as to meet the
necessary conditions for preventing pollution of the soil, groundwater
or surface water and ensuring efficient collection of leachate as and
when required according to Section 2. Protection of soil, groundwater
and surface water is to be achieved by the combination of a geological
barrier and a bottom liner during the operational/active phase and by
the combination of a geological barrier and a bottom liner during the
operational/active phase and by the combination of a geological
barrier and a top liner during the passive phase/post closure.
3.2. The geological barrier is determined by geological and
hydrogeological conditions below and in the vicinity of a landfill
site providing sufficient attenuation capacity to prevent a potential
risk to soil and groundwater.
The landfill base and sides shall consist of a mineral layer
which satisfies permeability and thickness requirements with a
combined effect in terms of protection of soil, groundwater and
surface water at least equivalent to the one resulting from the
following requirements:
-9
- landfill for hazardous waste: К <= 1,0 x 10 m/s; thickness >= 5
m,
-9
- landfill for non-hazardous waste: К <= 1,0 x 10 m/s; thickness
>= 1 m,
-7
- landfill for inert waste: К <= 1,0 x 10 m/s; thickness >= 1 m,
m/s: meter/second.
Where the geological barrier does not naturally meet the above
conditions it can be completed artificially and reinforced by other
means giving equivalent protection. An artificially established
geological barrier should be no less than 0,5 metres thick.
3.3. In addition to the geological barrier described above a
leachate collection and sealing system must be added in accordance
with the following principles so as to ensure that leachate
accumulation at the base of the landfill is kept to a minimum:
Leachate collection and bottom sealing
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Landfill | non hazardous | hazardous |
| category | | |
|-----------------------|--------------------|-------------------|
|Artificial sealing |required |required |
|liner | | |
|-----------------------|--------------------|-------------------|
|Drainage layer >= 0,5 m|required |required |
------------------------------------------------------------------
Member States may set general or specific requirements for inert
waste landfills and for the characteristics of the abovementioned
technical means.
If the competent authority after a consideration of the potential
hazards to the environment finds that the prevention of leachate
formation is necessary, a surface sealing may be prescribed.
Recommendations for the surface sealing are as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Landfill category | non hazardous | hazardous |
|-------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|Gas drainage layer |required |not required |
|-------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|Artificial sealing liner |not required |required |
|-------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|Impermeable mineral layer |required |required |
|-------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|Drainage layer > 0,5 m |required |required |
|-------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|Top soil cover > 1 m |required |required. |
------------------------------------------------------------------
3.4. If, on the basis of an assessment of environmental risks
taking into account, in particular, Directive 80/68/EEC <*>, the
competent authority has decided, in accordance with Section 2 ("Water
control and leachate management"), that collection and treatment of
leachate is not necessary or it has been established that the landfill
poses no potential hazard to soil, groundwater or surface water, the
requirements in paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3 above may be reduced
accordingly. In the case of landfills for inert waste these
requirements may be adapted by national legislation.
--------------------------------
<*> OJ L 20, 26.1.1980, p. 43. Directive as last amended by
Directive 91/692/EEC (OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48).
3.5. The method to be used for the determination of the
permeability coefficient for landfills, in the field and for the whole
extension of the site, is to be developed and approved by the
Committee set up under Article 17 of this Directive.
4. Gas control
4.1. Appropriate measures shall be taken in order to control the
accumulation and migration of landfill gas (Annex III).
4.2. Landfill gas shall be collected from all landfills receiving
biodegradable waste and the landfill gas must be treated and used. If
the gas collected cannot be used to produce energy, it must be flared.
4.3. The collection, treatment and use of landfill gas under
paragraph 4.2 shall be carried on in a manner which minimises damage
to or deterioration of the environment and risk to human health.
5. Nuisances and hazards
Measures shall be taken to minimise nuisances and hazards arising
from the landfill through:
- emissions of odours and dust,
- wind-blown materials,
- noise and traffic,
- birds, vermin and insects,
- formation and aerosols,
- fires.
The landfill shall be equipped so that dirt originating from the
site is not dispersed onto public roads and the surrounding land.
6. Stability
The emplacement of waste on the site shall take place in such a
way as to ensure stability of the mass of waste and associated
structures, particularly in respect of avoidance of slippages. Where
an artificial barrier is established it must be ascertained that the
geological substratum, considering the morphology of the landfill, is
sufficiently stable to prevent settlement that may cause damage to the
barrier.
7. Barriers
The landfill shall be secured to prevent free access to the site.
The gates shall be locked outside operating hours. The system of
control and access to each facility should contain a programme of
measures to detect and discourage illegal dumping in the facility.
Annex II
WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES
1. Introduction
This Annex describes:
- general principles for acceptance of waste at the various
classes of landfills. The future waste classification procedure should
be based on these principles,
- guidelines outlining preliminary waste acceptance procedures to
be followed until a uniform waste classification and acceptance
procedure has been developed. This procedure will, together with the
relevant sampling procedures, be developed by the technical Committee
referred to in Article 16 of this Directive. The technical Committee
shall develop criteria which have to be fulfilled for certain
hazardous waste to be accepted in landfills for non-hazardous waste.
These criteria should, in particular, take into account the short,
medium and long term leaching behaviour of such waste. These criteria
shall be developed within two years of the entry into force of this
Directive. The technical Committee shall also develop criteria which
have to be fulfilled for waste to be accepted in underground storage.
These criteria must take into account, in particular, that the waste
is not to be expected to react with each other and with the rock.
This work by the technical Committee, with the exception of
proposals for the standardisation of control, sampling and analysis
methods in relation to the Annexes of this Directive which shall be
adopted within two years after the entry into force of this Directive,
shall be completed within three years from the entry into force of
this Directive and must be carried out having regard to the objectives
set forth in Article 1 of this Directive.
2. General principles
The composition, leachability, long-term behaviour and general
properties of a waste to be landfilled must be known as precisely as
possible. Waste acceptance at a landfill can be based either on lists
of accepted or refused waste, defined by nature and origin, and on
waste analysis methods and limit values for the properties of the
waste to be accepted. The future waste acceptance procedures described
in this Directive shall as far as possible be based on standardised
waste analysis methods and limit values for the properties of waste to
be accepted.
Before the definition of such analysis methods and limit values,
Member States should at least set national lists of waste to be
accepted or refuses at each class of landfill, or defined the criteria
required to be on the lists. In order to be accepted at a particular
class of landfill, a type of waste must be on the relevant national
list or fulfil criteria similar to those required to be on the list.
These lists, or the equivalent criteria, and the analysis methods and
limit values shall be sent to the Commission within six months of the
transposition of this Directive or whenever they are adopted at
national level.
These lists or acceptance criteria should be used to establish
site specific lists, i.e. the list of accepted waste specified in the
permit in accordance with Article 9 of this Directive.
The criteria for acceptance of waste on the reference lists or at
a class of landfill may be based on other legislation and/or on waste
properties.
Criteria for acceptance at a specific class of landfill must be
derived from considerations pertaining to:
- protection of the surrounding environment (in particular
groundwater and surface water),
- protection of the environmental protection systems (e.g. liners
and leachate treatment systems),
- protection of the desired waste-stabilisation processes within
the landfill,
- protection against human-health hazards.
Examples of waste property-based criteria are:
- requirements on knowledge of total composition,
- limitations on the amount of organic matter in the waste,
- requirements or limitations on the biodegradability of the
organic waste components,
- limitations on the amount of specified, potentially
harmful/hazardous components (in relation to the abovementioned
protection criteria),
- limitations on the potential and expected leachability of
specified, potentially harmful/hazardous components (in relation to
the abovementioned protection criteria),
- ecotoxicological properties of the waste and the resulting
leachate.
The property-based criteria for acceptance of waste must
generally be most extensive for inert waste landfills and can be less
extensive for non-hazardous waste landfills and least extensive for
hazardous waste landfills owing to the higher environmental protection
level of the latter two.
3. General procedures for testing and acceptance of waste
The general characterisation and testing of waste must be based
on the following three-level hierarchy:
Level 1: Basic characterisation. This constitutes a thorough
determination, according to standardised analysis and behaviour -
testing methods, of the short and long-term leaching behaviour and/or
characteristic properties of the waste.
Level 2: Compliance testing. This constitutes periodical testing
by simpler standardised analysis and behaviour-testing methods to
determine whether a waste complies with permit conditions and/or
specific reference criteria. The tests focus on key variables and
behaviour identified by basic characterisation.
Level 3: On-site verification. This constitutes rapid check
methods to confirm that a waste is the same as that which has been
subjected to compliance testing and that which is described in the
accompanying documents. It may merely consist of a visual inspection
of a load of waste before and after unloading at the landfill site.
A particular type of waste must normally be characterised at
Level 1 and pass the appropriate criteria in order to be accepted on a
reference list. In order to remain on a site-specific list, a
particular type of waste must a regular intervals (e.g. annually) be
tested at Level 2 and pass the appropriate criteria. Each waste load
arriving at the gate of a landfill must be subjected to Level 3
verification.
Certain waste types may be exempted permanently to temporarily
from testing at Level 1. This may be due to impracticability to
testing, to unavailability of appropriate testing procedures and
acceptance criteria or to overriding legislation.
4. Guidelines for preliminary waste acceptance procedures
Until this Annex is fully completed only Level 3 testing is
mandatory and Level 1 and Level 2 applied to the extent possible. At
this preliminary stage waste to be accepted at a particular class of
landfill must either be on a restrictive national or site-specific
list for that class of landfill or fulfil criteria similar to those
required to get on the list.
The following general guidelines may be used to set preliminary
criteria for acceptance of waste at the three major classes of
landfill or the corresponding lists.
Inert waste landfills: only inert waste as defined in Article 2
(e) can be accepted on the list.
Non-hazardous waste landfills: in order to be accepted on the
list a waste type must not be covered by Directive 91/689/EEC.
Hazardous waste landfills: a preliminary rough list for hazardous
waste landfills would consist of only those waste types covered by
Directive 91/689/EEC. Such waste types should, however not be accepted
on the list without prior treatment if they exhibit total contents or
leachability of potentially hazardous components that are high enough
to constitute a short-term occupational or environmental risk or to
prevent sufficient waste stabilisation within the projected lifetime
of the landfill.
5. Sampling of waste
Sampling of waste may pose serious problems with respect to
representation and techniques owing to the heterogeneous nature of
many wastes. A European standard for sampling of waste will be
developed. Until this standard is approved by Member States in
accordance with Article 17 of this Directive, the Member States may
apply national standards and procedures.
Annex III
CONTROL AND MONITORING PROCEDURES IN OPERATION
AND AFTER-CARE PHASES
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Annex is to provide the minimum procedures
for monitoring to be carried out to check:
- that waste has been accepted to disposal in accordance with the
criteria set for the category of landfill in question,
- that the processes within the landfill proceed as desired,
- that the environmental protection systems are functioning fully
as intended,
- that the permit conditions for the landfill are fulfilled.
2. METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Under their reporting obligation (Article 15), Member States
should supply data on the collection method for meteorological data.
It us up to Member States to decide how the data should be collected
(in situ, national meteorological network, etc.).
Should Member States decide that water balances are an effective
tool for evaluating whether leachate is building up in the landfill
body or whether the site is leaking, it is recommended that the
following data are collected from monitoring at the landfill or from
the nearest meteorological station, as long as required by the
competent authority in accordance with Article 13 (c) of this
Directive:
------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Operation | After-care phase |
| | phase | |
|--------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|
|1.1. Volume of precipitation |daily |daily, added to |
| | |monthly values |
|--------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|
|1.2. Temperature (min., max., |daily |monthly average |
|14.00 h CET) | | |
|--------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|
|1.3. Direction and force of |daily |not required |
|prevailing wind | | |
|--------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|
|1.4. Evaporation (lysimeter) <*>|daily |daily, added to |
| | |monthly values |
|--------------------------------|-----------|-------------------|
|1.5. Atmospheric humidity |daily |monthly average |
|(14.00 h CET) | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
<*> Or through other suitable methods.
3. EMISSION DATA: WATER, LEACHATE AND GAS CONTROL
Sampling of leachate and surface water if present must be
collected at representative points. Sampling and measuring (volume and
composition) of leachate must be performed separately at each point at
which leachate is discharged from the site. Reference: general
guidelines on sampling technology, ISO 5667-2 (1991).
Monitoring of surface water is present shall be carried out at
not less than two points, one upstream from the landfill and one
downstream.
Gas monitoring must be representative for each section of the
landfill. The frequency of sampling and analysis is listed in the
following table. For leachate and water, a sample, representative of
the average composition, shall be taken for monitoring.
The frequency of sampling could be adapted on the basis of the
morphology of the landfill waste (in tumulus, buried, etc). This has
to be specified in the permit.
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Operating phase | After-care |
| | | phase <3> |
|------------------------------|----------------|----------------|
|2.1. Leachate volume |monthly <1> <3> |every six months|
|------------------------------|----------------|----------------|
|2.2. Leachate composition <2> |quarterly <3> |every six months|
|------------------------------|----------------|----------------|
|2.3. Volume and composition of|quarterly <3> |every six months|
|surface water <7> | | |
|------------------------------|----------------|----------------|
|2.4. Potential gas |monthly <3> <5> |every six |
|emissions and atmospheric | |months <6> |
|pressure <4> (CH , CO , | | |
| 4 2 | | |
|O , H S, H etc.) | | |
| 2 2 2 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
<1> The frequency of sampling could be adapted on the basis of
the morphology of the landfill waste (in tumulus, buried, etc.). This
has to be specified in the permit.
<2> The parameters to be measured and the substances to be
analysed vary according to the composition of the waste deposited;
they must be laid down in the permit document and reflect the leaching
characteristics of the wastes.
<3> If the evaluation of data indicates that longer intervals are
equally effective, they may be adapted. For leachates, conductivity
must always be measured at least once a year.
<4> These measurements are related mainly to the content of
organic material in the waste.
<5> CH , CO , O , regularly, other gases as required, according
4 2 2
to the composition of the waste deposited, with a view to reflecting
its leaching properties.
<6> Efficiency of the gas extraction system must be checked
regularly.
<7> On the basis of the characteristics of the landfill site, the
competent authority may determine that these measurements are not
required, and will report accordingly in the way laid down in Article
15 of the Directive.
2.1 and 2.2 apply only where leachate collection takes place (see
Annex I (2)).
4. PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER
A. Sampling
The measurements must be such as to provide information on
groundwater likely to be affected by the discharging of waste, with at
least one measuring point in the groundwater inflow region and two in
the outflow region. This number can be increased on the basis of a
specific hydrogeological survey and the need for an early
identification of accidental leachate release in the groundwater.
Sampling must be carried out in at least three locations before
the filling operations in order to establish reference values for
future sampling. Reference: Sampling Groundwaters, ISO 5667, Part 11,
1993.
B. Monitoring
The parameters to be analysed in the samples taken must be
derived from the expected composition of the leachate and the
groundwater quality in the area. In selecting the parameters for
analysis account should be taken of mobility in the groundwater zone.
Parameters could include indicator parameters in order to ensure an
early recognition of change in water quality <*>.
--------------------------------
<*> Recommended parameters: ph, TOC, phenols, heavy metals,
fluoride, AS, oil/hydrocarbons.
------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Operation phase | After-care phase |
|---------------------|--------------------|---------------------|
|Level of groundwater |every six months <1>|every six months <1> |
|---------------------|--------------------|---------------------|
|Groundwater |site-specific |site-specific |
|composition |frequency <2> <3> |frequency <2> <3> |
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
<1> If there are fluctuating groundwater levels, the frequency
must be increased.
<2> The frequency must be based on possibility for remedial
actions between two samplings if a trigger level is reached, i.e. the
frequency must be determined on the basis of knowledge and the
evaluation of the velocity of groundwater flow.
<3> When a trigger level is reached (see C), verification is
necessary by repeating the sampling. When the level has been
confirmed, a contingency plan (laid down in the permit) must be
followed.
C. Trigger levels
Significant adverse environmental effects, as referred to in
Articles 12 and 13 of this Directive, should be considered to have
occurred in the case of groundwater, when an analysis of a groundwater
sample shows a significant change in water quality. A trigger level
must be determined taking account of the specific hydrogeological
formations in the location of the landfill and groundwater quality.
The trigger level must be laid down in the permit whenever possible.
The observations must be evaluated by means of control charts
with established control rules and levels for each downgradient well.
The control levels must be determined from local variations in
groundwater quality.
5. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE: DATA ON THE LANDFILL BODY
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Operating phase| After-care |
| | | phase |
|--------------------------------|---------------|---------------|
|5.1. Structure and composition |yearly | |
|of landfill body <*> | | |
|--------------------------------|---------------|---------------|
|5.2. Settling behaviour of the |yearly |yearly |
|level of the landfill body | |reading |
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
<*> Data for the status plan of the concerned landfill: surface
occupied by waste, volume and composition of waste, methods of
depositing, time and duration of depositing, calculation of the
remaining capacity still available at the landfill.Страницы: 1 2 |