Фрагмент документа "КОНВЕНЦИЯ 2006 ГОДА О ТРУДЕ В МОРСКОМ СУДОХОДСТВЕ".
Guideline B4.3
Health and safety protection and accident prevention
Guideline B4.3.1 - Provisions on occupational accidents, injuries
and diseases
1. The provisions required under Standard A4.3 should take into
account the ILO code of practice entitled Accident prevention on board
ship at sea and in port, 1996, and subsequent versions and other
related ILO and other international standards and guidelines and codes
of practice regarding occupational safety and health protection,
including any exposure levels that they may identify.
2. The competent authority should ensure that the national
guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health
address the following matters, in particular:
(a) general and basic provisions;
(b) structural features of the ship, including means of access
and asbestos-related risks;
(c) machinery;
(d) the effects of the extremely low or high temperature of any
surfaces with which seafarers may be in contact;
(e) the effects of noise in the workplace and in shipboard
accommodation;
(f) the effects of vibration in the workplace and in shipboard
accommodation;
(g) the effects of ambient factors, other than those referred to
in subparagraphs (e) and (f), in the workplace and in shipboard
accommodation, including tobacco smoke;
(h) special safety measures on and below deck;
(i) loading and unloading equipment;
(j) fire prevention and fire-fighting;
(k) anchors, chains and lines;
(l) dangerous cargo and ballast;
(m) personal protective equipment for seafarers;
(n) work in enclosed spaces;
(o) physical and mental effects of fatigue;
(p) the effects of drug and alcohol dependency;
(q) HIV/AIDS protection and prevention; and
(r) emergency and accident response.
3. The assessment of risks and reduction of exposure on the
matters referred to in paragraph 2 of this Guideline should take
account of the physical occupational health effects, including manual
handling of loads, noise and vibration, the chemical and biological
occupational health effects, the mental occupational health effects,
the physical and mental health effects of fatigue, and occupational
accidents. The necessary measures should take due account of the
preventive principle according to which, among other things, combating
risk at the source, adapting work to the individual, especially as
regards the design of workplaces, and replacing the dangerous by the
non-dangerous or the less dangerous, have precedence over personal
protective equipment for seafarers.
4. In addition, the competent authority should ensure that the
implications for health and safety are taken into account,
particularly in the following areas:
(a) emergency and accident response;
(b) the effects of drug and alcohol dependency; and
(c) HIV/AIDS protection and prevention.
Guideline B4.3.2 - Exposure to noise
1. The competent authority, in conjunction with the competent
international bodies and with representatives of shipowners` and
seafarers` organizations concerned, should review on an ongoing basis
the problem of noise on board ships with the objective of improving
the protection of seafarers, in so far as practicable, from the
adverse effects of exposure to noise.
2. The review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Guideline should
take account of the adverse effects of exposure to excessive noise on
the hearing, health and comfort of seafarers and the measures to be
prescribed or recommended to reduce shipboard noise to protect
seafarers. The measures to be considered should include the following:
(a) instruction of seafarers in the dangers to hearing and health
of prolonged exposure to high noise levels and in the proper use of
noise protection devices and equipment;
(b) provision of approved hearing protection equipment to
seafarers where necessary; and
(c) assessment of risk and reduction of exposure levels to noise
in all accommodation and recreational and catering facilities, as well
as engine rooms and other machinery spaces.
Guideline B4.3.3 - Exposure to vibration
1. The competent authority, in conjunction with the competent
international bodies and with representatives of shipowners` and
seafarers` organizations concerned, and taking into account, as
appropriate, relevant international standards, should review on an
ongoing basis the problem of vibration on board ships with the
objective of improving the protection of seafarers, in so far as
practicable, from the adverse effects of vibration.
2. The review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Guideline should
cover the effect of exposure to excessive vibration on the health and
comfort of seafarers and the measures to be prescribed or recommended
to reduce shipboard vibration to protect seafarers. The measures to be
considered should include the following:
(a) instruction of seafarers in the dangers to their health of
prolonged exposure to vibration;
(b) provision of approved personal protective equipment to
seafarers where necessary; and
(c) assessment of risks and reduction of exposure to vibration in
all accommodation and recreational and catering facilities by adopting
measures in accordance with the guidance provided by the ILO code of
practice entitled Ambient factors in the workplace, 2001, and any
subsequent revisions, taking account of the difference between
exposure in those areas and in the workplace.
Guideline B4.3.4 - Obligations of shipowners
1. Any obligation on the shipowner to provide protective
equipment or other accident prevention safeguards should, in general,
be accompanied by provisions requiring their use by seafarers and by a
requirement for seafarers to comply with the relevant accident
prevention and health protection measures.
2. Account should also be taken of Articles 7 and 11 of the
Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 (No. 119), and the
corresponding provisions of the Guarding of Machinery Recommendation,
1963 (No. 118), under which the obligation to ensure compliance with
the requirement that machinery in use is properly guarded, and its use
without appropriate guards prevented, rests on the employer, while
there is an obligation on the worker not to use machinery without the
guards being in position nor to make inoperative the guards provided.
Guideline B4.3.5 - Reporting and collection of statistics
1. All occupational accidents and occupational injuries and
diseases should be reported so that they can be investigated and
comprehensive statistics can be kept, analysed and published, taking
account of protection of the personal data of the seafarers concerned.
Reports should not be limited to fatalities or to accidents involving
the ship.
2. The statistics referred to in paragraph 1 of this Guideline
should record the numbers, nature, causes and effects of occupational
accidents and occupational injuries and diseases, with a clear
indication, as applicable, of the department on board a ship, the type
of accident and whether at sea or in port.
3. Each Member should have due regard to any international system
or model for recording accidents to seafarers which may have been
established by the International Labour Organization.
Guideline B4.3.6 - Investigations
1. The competent authority should undertake investigations into
the causes and circumstances of all occupational accidents and
occupational injuries and diseases resulting in loss of life or
serious personal injury, and such other cases as may be specified in
national laws or regulations.
2. Consideration should be given to including the following as
subjects of investigation:
(a) working environment, such as working surfaces, layout of
machinery, means of access, lighting and methods of work;
(b) incidence in different age groups of occupational accidents
and occupational injuries and diseases;
(c) special physiological or psychological problems created by
the shipboard environment;
(d) problems arising from physical stress on board a ship, in
particular as a consequence of increased workload;
(e) problems arising from and effects of technical developments
and their influence on the composition of crews; and
(f) problems arising from any human failures.
Guideline B4.3.7 - National protection and prevention programmes
1. In order to provide a sound basis for measures to promote
occupational safety and health protection and prevention of accidents,
injuries and diseases which are due to particular hazards of maritime
employment, research should be undertaken into general trends and into
such hazards as are revealed by statistics.
2. The implementation of protection and prevention programmes for
the promotion of occupational safety and health should be so organized
that the competent authority, shipowners and seafarers or their
representatives and other appropriate bodies may play an active role,
including through such means as information sessions, on-board
guidelines on maximum exposure levels to potentially harmful ambient
workplace factors and other hazards or outcomes of a systematic risk
evaluation process. In particular, national or local joint
occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention
committees or ad hoc working parties and on-board committees, on which
shipowners` and seafarers` organizations concerned are represented,
should be established.
3. Where such activity takes place at company level, the
representation of seafarers on any safety committee on board that
shipowner`s ships should be considered.
Guideline B4.3.8 - Content of protection and prevention
programmes
1. Consideration should be given to including the following in
the functions of the committees and other bodies referred to in
Guideline B4.3.7, paragraph 2:
(a) the preparation of national guidelines and policies for
occupational safety and health management systems and for accident
prevention provisions, rules and manuals;
(b) the organization of occupational safety and health protection
and accident prevention training and programmes;
(c) the organization of publicity on occupational safety and
health protection and accident prevention, including films, posters,
notices and brochures; and
(d) the distribution of literature and information on
occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention so
that it reaches seafarers on board ships.
2. Relevant provisions or recommendations adopted by the
appropriate national authorities or organizations or international
organizations should be taken into account by those preparing texts of
occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention
measures or recommended practices.
3. In formulating occupational safety and health protection and
accident prevention programmes, each Member should have due regard to
any code of practice concerning the safety and health of seafarers
which may have been published by the International Labour
Organization.
Guideline B4.3.9 - Instruction in occupational safety and health
protection and the prevention of occupational accidents
1. The curriculum for the training referred to in Standard A4.3,
paragraph 1 (a), should be reviewed periodically and brought up to
date in the light of development in types and sizes of ships and in
their equipment, as well as changes in manning practices, nationality,
language and the organization of work on board ships.
2. There should be continuous occupational safety and health
protection and accident prevention publicity. Such publicity might
take the following forms:
(a) educational audiovisual material, such as films, for use in
vocational training centres for seafarers and where possible shown on
board ships;
(b) display of posters on board ships;
(c) inclusion in periodicals read by seafarers of articles on the
hazards of maritime employment and on occupational safety and health
protection and accident prevention measures; and
(d) special campaigns using various publicity media to instruct
seafarers, including campaigns on safe working practices.
3. The publicity referred to in paragraph 2 of this Guideline
should take account of the different nationalities, languages and
cultures of seafarers on board ships.
Guideline B4.3.10 - Safety and health education of young
seafarers
1. Safety and health regulations should refer to any general
provisions on medical examinations before and during employment and on
the prevention of accidents and the protection of health in
employment, which may be applicable to the work of seafarers. Such
regulations should specify measures which will minimize occupational
dangers to young seafarers in the course of their duties.
2. Except where a young seafarer is recognized as fully qualified
in a pertinent skill by the competent authority, the regulations
should specify restrictions on young seafarers undertaking, without
appropriate supervision and instruction, certain types of work
presenting special risk of accident or of detrimental effect on their
health or physical development, or requiring a particular degree of
maturity, experience or skill. In determining the types of work to be
restricted by the regulations, the competent authority might consider
in particular work involving:
(a) the lifting, moving or carrying of heavy loads or objects;
(b) entry into boilers, tanks and cofferdams;
(c) exposure to harmful noise and vibration levels;
(d) operating hoisting and other power machinery and tools, or
acting as signallers to operators of such equipment;
(e) handling mooring or tow lines or anchoring equipment;
(f) rigging;
(g) work aloft or on deck in heavy weather;
(h) nightwatch duties;
(i) servicing of electrical equipment;
(j) exposure to potentially harmful materials, or harmful
physical agents such as dangerous or toxic substances and ionizing
radiations;
(k) the cleaning of catering machinery; and
(l) the handling or taking charge of ships` boats.
3. Practical measures should be taken by the competent authority
or through the appropriate machinery to bring to the attention of
young seafarers information concerning the prevention of accidents and
the protection of their health on board ships. Such measures could
include adequate instruction in courses, official accident prevention
publicity intended for young persons and professional instruction and
supervision of young seafarers.
4. Education and training of young seafarers both ashore and on
board ships should include guidance on the detrimental effects on
their health and well-being of the abuse of alcohol and drugs and
other potentially harmful substances, and the risk and concerns
relating to HIV/AIDS and of other health risk related activities.
Guideline B4.3.11 - International cooperation
1. Members, with the assistance as appropriate of
intergovernmental and other international organizations, should
endeavour, in cooperation with each other, to achieve the greatest
possible uniformity of action for the promotion of occupational safety
and health protection and prevention of accidents.
2. In developing programmes for promoting occupational safety and
health protection and prevention of accidents under Standard A4.3,
each Member should have due regard to relevant codes of practice
published by the International Labour Organization and the appropriate
standards of international organizations.
3. Members should have regard to the need for international
cooperation in the continuous promotion of activity related to
occupational safety and health protection and prevention of
occupational accidents. Such cooperation might take the form of:
(a) bilateral or multilateral arrangements for uniformity in
occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention
standards and safeguards;
(b) exchange of information on particular hazards affecting
seafarers and on means of promoting occupational safety and health
protection and preventing accidents;
(c) assistance in testing of equipment and inspection according
to the national regulations of the flag State;
(d) collaboration in the preparation and dissemination of
occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention
provisions, rules or manuals;
(e) collaboration in the production and use of training aids; and
(f) joint facilities for, or mutual assistance in, the training
of seafarers in occupational safety and health protection, accident
prevention and safe working practices.
|
Фрагмент документа "КОНВЕНЦИЯ 2006 ГОДА О ТРУДЕ В МОРСКОМ СУДОХОДСТВЕ".